feat(admin-users): 支持按创建时间排序

apps/aether-gateway/src/handlers/admin/users/batch.rs

@@ -417,6 +417,7 @@ async fn resolve_admin_user_selection(
                     group_id: filters
                         .as_ref()
                         .and_then(|filters| filters.group_id.clone()),
+                    ..Default::default()
                 })
                 .await
                 .map_err(|_| "用户数据不可用".to_string())?

apps/aether-gateway/src/handlers/admin/users/lifecycle/reads.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ pub(in super::super) async fn build_admin_list_users_response(
         .map(|value| value.trim().to_string())
         .filter(|value| !value.is_empty());
 
+    let sort_by = query_param_value(request_context.query_string(), "sort_by")
+        .and_then(|value| aether_data::repository::users::UserExportSortBy::parse(&value))
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let sort_order = query_param_value(request_context.query_string(), "sort_order")
+        .and_then(|value| aether_data::repository::users::UserExportSortOrder::parse(&value))
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
     let query = aether_data::repository::users::UserExportListQuery {
         skip,
         limit,
@@ -44,6 +51,8 @@ pub(in super::super) async fn build_admin_list_users_response(
         is_active,
         search,
         group_id,
+        sort_by,
+        sort_order,
     };
     let (paged_rows_result, total_result) = tokio::join!(
         state.list_export_users_page(&query),

apps/aether-gateway/src/tests/control/admin/users.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use aether_data_contracts::repository::usage::StoredRequestUsageAudit;
 use axum::body::Body;
 use axum::routing::{any, delete, get, patch, post, put};
 use axum::{extract::Request, Router};
-use chrono::Utc;
+use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
 use http::StatusCode;
 use serde_json::json;
 
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ fn sample_admin_user_with_role(
     role: &str,
     email: &str,
     username: &str,
+) -> StoredUserAuthRecord {
+    sample_admin_user_with_role_and_created_at(user_id, role, email, username, Utc::now())
+}
+
+fn sample_admin_user_with_role_and_created_at(
+    user_id: &str,
+    role: &str,
+    email: &str,
+    username: &str,
+    created_at: chrono::DateTime<Utc>,
 ) -> StoredUserAuthRecord {
     StoredUserAuthRecord::new(
         user_id.to_string(),
@@ -51,7 +61,7 @@ fn sample_admin_user_with_role(
         Some(json!(["gpt-4.1"])),
         true,
         false,
-        Some(Utc::now()),
+        Some(created_at),
         Some(Utc::now()),
     )
     .expect("user should build")
@@ -206,6 +216,113 @@ fn sample_admin_api_key_snapshot(user_id: &str, api_key_id: &str) -> StoredAuthA
     .expect("api key snapshot should build")
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn gateway_sorts_admin_users_by_created_at() {
+    let oldest = Utc
+        .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 1, 10, 0, 0, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid timestamp");
+    let middle = Utc
+        .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid timestamp");
+    let newest = Utc
+        .with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 3, 10, 0, 0, 0)
+        .single()
+        .expect("valid timestamp");
+
+    let user_repository = Arc::new(
+        InMemoryUserReadRepository::seed_auth_users(vec![
+            sample_admin_user_with_role_and_created_at(
+                "user-old",
+                "user",
+                "old@example.com",
+                "old",
+                oldest,
+            ),
+            sample_admin_user_with_role_and_created_at(
+                "user-middle",
+                "user",
+                "middle@example.com",
+                "middle",
+                middle,
+            ),
+            sample_admin_user_with_role_and_created_at(
+                "user-new",
+                "user",
+                "new@example.com",
+                "new",
+                newest,
+            ),
+        ])
+        .with_export_users(vec![
+            sample_admin_export_user_with("user", true, "user-old", "old@example.com", "old"),
+            sample_admin_export_user_with(
+                "user",
+                true,
+                "user-middle",
+                "middle@example.com",
+                "middle",
+            ),
+            sample_admin_export_user_with("user", true, "user-new", "new@example.com", "new"),
+        ]),
+    );
+
+    let gateway = build_router_with_state(
+        AppState::new()
+            .expect("gateway should build")
+            .with_data_state_for_tests(GatewayDataState::with_user_reader_for_tests(
+                user_repository,
+            )),
+    );
+    let (gateway_url, gateway_handle) = start_server(gateway).await;
+    let client = reqwest::Client::new();
+
+    let desc_response = client
+        .get(format!(
+            "{gateway_url}/api/admin/users?skip=0&limit=10&sort_by=created_at&sort_order=desc"
+        ))
+        .header(crate::constants::GATEWAY_HEADER, "rust-phase3b")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_USER_ID_HEADER, "admin-user-123")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_USER_ROLE_HEADER, "admin")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_SESSION_ID_HEADER, "session-123")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect("request should succeed");
+    assert_eq!(desc_response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let desc_payload: serde_json::Value = desc_response.json().await.expect("json should parse");
+    let desc_ids = desc_payload["items"]
+        .as_array()
+        .expect("items should be array")
+        .iter()
+        .map(|item| item["id"].as_str().expect("id should be string"))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(desc_ids, vec!["user-new", "user-middle", "user-old"]);
+
+    let asc_response = client
+        .get(format!(
+            "{gateway_url}/api/admin/users?skip=0&limit=10&sort_by=created_at&sort_order=asc"
+        ))
+        .header(crate::constants::GATEWAY_HEADER, "rust-phase3b")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_USER_ID_HEADER, "admin-user-123")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_USER_ROLE_HEADER, "admin")
+        .header(TRUSTED_ADMIN_SESSION_ID_HEADER, "session-123")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect("request should succeed");
+    assert_eq!(asc_response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let asc_payload: serde_json::Value = asc_response.json().await.expect("json should parse");
+    let asc_ids = asc_payload["items"]
+        .as_array()
+        .expect("items should be array")
+        .iter()
+        .map(|item| item["id"].as_str().expect("id should be string"))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(asc_ids, vec!["user-old", "user-middle", "user-new"]);
+
+    gateway_handle.abort();
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn gateway_handles_admin_users_root_locally_with_trusted_admin_principal() {
     let upstream_hits = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0usize));

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/memory.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use super::types::{
     normalize_user_group_name, LdapAuthUserProvisioningOutcome, StoredUserAuthRecord,
     StoredUserExportRow, StoredUserGroup, StoredUserGroupMember, StoredUserGroupMembership,
     StoredUserOAuthLinkSummary, StoredUserPreferenceRecord, StoredUserSessionRecord,
-    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSummary,
-    UserReadRepository,
+    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSortBy,
+    UserExportSummary, UserReadRepository,
 };
 use crate::DataLayerError;
 
@@ -409,6 +409,34 @@ fn filter_memory_export_rows(
                     .contains(&search)
         });
     }
+    match query.sort_by {
+        UserExportSortBy::CreatedAt => {
+            let created_at_by_id = repository
+                .auth_by_id
+                .read()
+                .expect("user repository lock")
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|(user_id, user)| {
+                    user.created_at
+                        .map(|created_at| (user_id.clone(), created_at.timestamp_millis()))
+                })
+                .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+            rows.sort_by(|left, right| {
+                let primary = created_at_by_id
+                    .get(&left.id)
+                    .cmp(&created_at_by_id.get(&right.id));
+                let ordered = if query.sort_order.is_desc() {
+                    primary.reverse()
+                } else {
+                    primary
+                };
+                ordered.then_with(|| left.id.cmp(&right.id))
+            });
+        }
+        UserExportSortBy::Id => {
+            rows.sort_by(|left, right| left.id.cmp(&right.id));
+        }
+    }
     rows
 }
 
@@ -2682,6 +2710,7 @@ mod tests {
                 is_active: Some(true),
                 search: None,
                 group_id: None,
+                ..Default::default()
             })
             .await
             .expect("paged export should succeed");

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/mod.rs

@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ pub use types::{
     normalize_user_group_name, StoredUserAuthRecord, StoredUserExportRow, StoredUserGroup,
     StoredUserGroupMember, StoredUserGroupMembership, StoredUserOAuthLinkSummary,
     StoredUserPreferenceRecord, StoredUserSessionRecord, StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord,
-    UserExportListQuery, UserExportSummary, UserReadRepository,
+    UserExportListQuery, UserExportSortBy, UserExportSortOrder, UserExportSummary,
+    UserReadRepository,
 };

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/mysql.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use super::types::{
     normalize_user_group_name, LdapAuthUserProvisioningOutcome, StoredUserAuthRecord,
     StoredUserExportRow, StoredUserGroup, StoredUserGroupMember, StoredUserGroupMembership,
     StoredUserOAuthLinkSummary, StoredUserPreferenceRecord, StoredUserSessionRecord,
-    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSummary,
-    UserReadRepository,
+    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSortBy,
+    UserExportSummary, UserReadRepository,
 };
 use crate::driver::mysql::MysqlPool;
 use crate::error::SqlResultExt;
@@ -313,8 +313,24 @@ impl UserReadRepository for MysqlUserReadRepository {
                 .push_bind(pattern)
                 .push(")");
         }
+        match query.sort_by {
+            UserExportSortBy::CreatedAt => {
+                builder
+                    .push(" ORDER BY created_at ")
+                    .push(if query.sort_order.is_desc() {
+                        "DESC"
+                    } else {
+                        "ASC"
+                    })
+                    .push(", id ASC");
+            }
+            UserExportSortBy::Id => {
+                builder.push(" ORDER BY id ASC");
+            }
+        }
+
         builder
-            .push(" ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ")
+            .push(" LIMIT ")
             .push_bind(i64::try_from(query.limit).map_err(|_| {
                 DataLayerError::InvalidInput(format!("invalid user export limit: {}", query.limit))
             })?)

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/postgres.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use super::types::{
     normalize_user_group_name, LdapAuthUserProvisioningOutcome, StoredUserAuthRecord,
     StoredUserExportRow, StoredUserGroup, StoredUserGroupMember, StoredUserGroupMembership,
     StoredUserOAuthLinkSummary, StoredUserPreferenceRecord, StoredUserSessionRecord,
-    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSummary,
-    UserReadRepository,
+    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSortBy,
+    UserExportSummary, UserReadRepository,
 };
 use crate::{error::SqlxResultExt, DataLayerError};
 
@@ -1001,8 +1001,24 @@ WHERE user_group_members.user_id IN (
                 .push(")");
         }
 
+        match query.sort_by {
+            UserExportSortBy::CreatedAt => {
+                builder
+                    .push(" ORDER BY created_at ")
+                    .push(if query.sort_order.is_desc() {
+                        "DESC"
+                    } else {
+                        "ASC"
+                    })
+                    .push(", id ASC");
+            }
+            UserExportSortBy::Id => {
+                builder.push(" ORDER BY id ASC");
+            }
+        }
+
         builder
-            .push(" ORDER BY id ASC OFFSET ")
+            .push(" OFFSET ")
             .push_bind(i64::try_from(query.skip).map_err(|_| {
                 DataLayerError::InvalidInput(format!("invalid user export skip: {}", query.skip))
             })?)

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/sqlite.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use super::types::{
     normalize_user_group_name, LdapAuthUserProvisioningOutcome, StoredUserAuthRecord,
     StoredUserExportRow, StoredUserGroup, StoredUserGroupMember, StoredUserGroupMembership,
     StoredUserOAuthLinkSummary, StoredUserPreferenceRecord, StoredUserSessionRecord,
-    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSummary,
-    UserReadRepository,
+    StoredUserSummary, UpsertUserGroupRecord, UserExportListQuery, UserExportSortBy,
+    UserExportSummary, UserReadRepository,
 };
 use crate::driver::sqlite::SqlitePool;
 use crate::error::SqlResultExt;
@@ -313,8 +313,24 @@ impl UserReadRepository for SqliteUserReadRepository {
                 .push_bind(pattern)
                 .push(")");
         }
+        match query.sort_by {
+            UserExportSortBy::CreatedAt => {
+                builder
+                    .push(" ORDER BY created_at ")
+                    .push(if query.sort_order.is_desc() {
+                        "DESC"
+                    } else {
+                        "ASC"
+                    })
+                    .push(", id ASC");
+            }
+            UserExportSortBy::Id => {
+                builder.push(" ORDER BY id ASC");
+            }
+        }
+
         builder
-            .push(" ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ")
+            .push(" LIMIT ")
             .push_bind(i64::try_from(query.limit).map_err(|_| {
                 DataLayerError::InvalidInput(format!("invalid user export limit: {}", query.limit))
             })?)
@@ -2199,6 +2215,7 @@ INSERT INTO users (
                 is_active: Some(true),
                 search: None,
                 group_id: None,
+                ..Default::default()
             })
             .await
             .expect("export page should load");

crates/aether-data/src/repository/users/types.rs

@@ -642,6 +642,46 @@ pub struct UserExportListQuery {
     pub is_active: Option<bool>,
     pub search: Option<String>,
     pub group_id: Option<String>,
+    pub sort_by: UserExportSortBy,
+    pub sort_order: UserExportSortOrder,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum UserExportSortBy {
+    #[default]
+    Id,
+    CreatedAt,
+}
+
+impl UserExportSortBy {
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "created_at" => Some(Self::CreatedAt),
+            "id" => Some(Self::Id),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum UserExportSortOrder {
+    #[default]
+    Asc,
+    Desc,
+}
+
+impl UserExportSortOrder {
+    pub fn parse(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "asc" => Some(Self::Asc),
+            "desc" => Some(Self::Desc),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_desc(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Desc)
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]

frontend/src/api/__tests__/users.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+const { getMock, cachedRequestMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  getMock: vi.fn(),
+  cachedRequestMock: vi.fn(async (_key: string, fn: () => Promise<unknown>) => fn()),
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/api/client', () => ({
+  default: {
+    get: getMock,
+  },
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/utils/cache', () => ({
+  cachedRequest: cachedRequestMock,
+}))
+
+import { usersApi } from '@/api/users'
+
+describe('usersApi admin list query', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    getMock.mockReset()
+    cachedRequestMock.mockClear()
+    getMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      data: {
+        items: [],
+        total: 0,
+        skip: 0,
+        limit: 20,
+        has_more: false,
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('passes creation-time sort parameters to the admin users endpoint', async () => {
+    await usersApi.getAllUsersPage({
+      skip: 20,
+      limit: 10,
+      sort_by: 'created_at',
+      sort_order: 'desc',
+    })
+
+    expect(getMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/admin/users', {
+      params: {
+        skip: 20,
+        limit: 10,
+        sort_by: 'created_at',
+        sort_order: 'desc',
+      },
+    })
+  })
+})

frontend/src/api/users.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import type { BillingPlan, UserPlanEntitlement } from './billing'
 export type UserRole = 'admin' | 'audit_admin' | 'user'
 export type ListPolicyMode = 'inherit' | 'unrestricted' | 'specific' | 'deny_all'
 export type RateLimitPolicyMode = 'inherit' | 'system' | 'custom'
+export type AdminUserSortBy = 'created_at'
+export type AdminUserSortOrder = 'asc' | 'desc'
 export type FeatureSettings = Record<string, unknown>
 
 export interface UserGroupSummary {
@@ -261,6 +263,8 @@ export interface GetAllUsersOptions {
   role?: UserRole
   is_active?: boolean
   group_id?: string
+  sort_by?: AdminUserSortBy
+  sort_order?: AdminUserSortOrder
   skip?: number
   limit?: number
   cacheTtlMs?: number
@@ -298,6 +302,8 @@ export const usersApi = {
     if (options.role) params.role = options.role
     if (options.is_active !== undefined) params.is_active = options.is_active ? 'true' : 'false'
     if (options.group_id) params.group_id = options.group_id
+    if (options.sort_by) params.sort_by = options.sort_by
+    if (options.sort_order) params.sort_order = options.sort_order
     if (options.skip !== undefined) params.skip = options.skip
     if (options.limit !== undefined) params.limit = options.limit
 
@@ -309,6 +315,8 @@ export const usersApi = {
           options.role ?? '',
           options.is_active ?? '',
           options.group_id ?? '',
+          options.sort_by ?? '',
+          options.sort_order ?? '',
           options.skip ?? '',
           options.limit ?? '',
           options.cacheKeySuffix ?? '',

frontend/src/stores/users.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import {
   type UserBatchActionRequest,
   type UserBatchActionResponse,
   type UserRole,
+  type AdminUserSortBy,
+  type AdminUserSortOrder,
   type UserGroup,
   type UserGroupMember,
   type UpsertUserGroupRequest,
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ export const useUsersStore = defineStore('users', () => {
     role?: UserRole
     is_active?: boolean
     group_id?: string
+    sort_by?: AdminUserSortBy
+    sort_order?: AdminUserSortOrder
     skip?: number
     limit?: number
   } = {}) {

frontend/src/views/admin/Users.vue

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
             </div>
           </div>
           <!-- 筛选器 -->
-          <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <div class="relative flex-1">
+          <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+            <div class="relative min-w-40 flex-1">
               <Search class="absolute left-2.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground z-10 pointer-events-none" />
               <Input
                 id="users-search-mobile"
@@ -110,6 +110,22 @@
                 </SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
+            <Select
+              v-model="sortOption"
+            >
+              <SelectTrigger class="w-32 h-8 text-xs border-border/60">
+                <SelectValue placeholder="排序" />
+              </SelectTrigger>
+              <SelectContent>
+                <SelectItem
+                  v-for="option in userSortOptions"
+                  :key="option.value"
+                  :value="option.value"
+                >
+                  {{ option.label }}
+                </SelectItem>
+              </SelectContent>
+            </Select>
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -201,6 +217,23 @@
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
 
+            <div class="xl:hidden">
+              <Select v-model="sortOption">
+                <SelectTrigger class="w-40 h-8 text-xs border-border/60">
+                  <SelectValue placeholder="排序" />
+                </SelectTrigger>
+                <SelectContent>
+                  <SelectItem
+                    v-for="option in userSortOptions"
+                    :key="option.value"
+                    :value="option.value"
+                  >
+                    {{ option.label }}
+                  </SelectItem>
+                </SelectContent>
+              </Select>
+            </div>
+
             <!-- 分隔线 -->
             <div class="h-4 w-px bg-border" />
 
@@ -317,9 +350,17 @@
               <TableHead class="w-[170px] h-12 font-semibold">
                 统计/限速
               </TableHead>
-              <TableHead class="w-[110px] h-12 font-semibold">
+              <SortableTableHead
+                class="w-[110px] h-12 font-semibold"
+                column-key="created_at"
+                :active-key="sortBy"
+                :direction="sortOrder"
+                default-direction="desc"
+                title="按创建时间排序"
+                @sort="handleTableSort"
+              >
                 创建时间
-              </TableHead>
+              </SortableTableHead>
               <SortableTableHead
                 class="w-[180px] h-12 font-semibold"
                 column-key="status"
@@ -1470,7 +1511,18 @@
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useUsersStore } from '@/stores/users'
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/auth'
-import { usersApi, type User, type ApiKey, type UserSession, type UserBatchActionResponse, type UserBatchSelectionFilters, type UserGroup, type AdminUserPlanEntitlement } from '@/api/users'
+import {
+  usersApi,
+  type User,
+  type ApiKey,
+  type UserSession,
+  type UserBatchActionResponse,
+  type UserBatchSelectionFilters,
+  type UserGroup,
+  type AdminUserPlanEntitlement,
+  type AdminUserSortBy,
+  type AdminUserSortOrder,
+} from '@/api/users'
 import { formatSessionMeta } from '@/types/session'
 import { adminWalletApi, type AdminWallet } from '@/api/admin-wallets'
 import { adminBillingPlansApi, type BillingEntitlement, type BillingPlan } from '@/api/billing'
@@ -1598,6 +1650,7 @@ const searchQuery = ref('')
 const filterRole = ref<'all' | User['role']>('all')
 const filterStatus = ref<'all' | 'active' | 'inactive'>('all')
 const filterGroup = ref('all')
+const sortOption = ref<'default' | 'created_at_desc' | 'created_at_asc'>('default')
 const userGroups = ref<UserGroup[]>([])
 const userRoleFilterOptions = [
   { value: 'all', label: '全部角色' },
@@ -1610,6 +1663,17 @@ const userStatusFilterOptions = [
   { value: 'active', label: '活跃' },
   { value: 'inactive', label: '禁用' },
 ]
+const userSortOptions = [
+  { value: 'default', label: '默认排序' },
+  { value: 'created_at_desc', label: '创建时间 新到旧' },
+  { value: 'created_at_asc', label: '创建时间 旧到新' },
+]
+const sortBy = computed<AdminUserSortBy | null>(() =>
+  sortOption.value === 'default' ? null : 'created_at'
+)
+const sortOrder = computed<AdminUserSortOrder>(() =>
+  sortOption.value === 'created_at_asc' ? 'asc' : 'desc'
+)
 
 const currentPage = ref(1)
 const pageSize = ref(20)
@@ -1659,7 +1723,7 @@ const grantableBillingPlans = computed(() =>
 )
 
 // Watch filter changes and reset to first page
-watch([searchQuery, filterRole, filterStatus, filterGroup], () => {
+watch([searchQuery, filterRole, filterStatus, filterGroup, sortOption], () => {
   currentPage.value = 1
   resetBatchSelection()
   void refreshUsers()
@@ -1691,6 +1755,8 @@ async function refreshUsers(options: { preferCache?: boolean } = {}) {
       role: filterRole.value === 'all' ? undefined : filterRole.value,
       is_active: filterStatus.value === 'all' ? undefined : filterStatus.value === 'active',
       group_id: filterGroup.value === 'all' ? undefined : filterGroup.value,
+      sort_by: sortBy.value ?? undefined,
+      sort_order: sortBy.value ? sortOrder.value : undefined,
       skip: (currentPage.value - 1) * pageSize.value,
       limit: pageSize.value,
     }),
@@ -1701,6 +1767,11 @@ async function refreshUsers(options: { preferCache?: boolean } = {}) {
   })
 }
 
+function handleTableSort(payload: { key: string, direction: AdminUserSortOrder }): void {
+  if (payload.key !== 'created_at') return
+  sortOption.value = payload.direction === 'asc' ? 'created_at_asc' : 'created_at_desc'
+}
+
 function handlePageChange(page: number): void {
   currentPage.value = page
   void refreshUsers({ preferCache: true })