diff --git a/frontend/src/api/me.ts b/frontend/src/api/me.ts
index 9e22d07..9bd9426 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/me.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/me.ts
@@ -286,5 +286,14 @@ export const meApi = {
   }> {
     const response = await apiClient.get('/api/users/me/usage/interval-timeline', { params })
     return response.data
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * 获取活跃度热力图数据（用户）
+   * 后端已缓存5分钟
+   */
+  async getActivityHeatmap(): Promise<ActivityHeatmap> {
+    const response = await apiClient.get<ActivityHeatmap>('/api/users/me/usage/heatmap')
+    return response.data
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/api/usage.ts b/frontend/src/api/usage.ts
index ed76022..610bb11 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/usage.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/usage.ts
@@ -198,5 +198,14 @@ export const usageApi = {
     const params = ids?.length ? { ids: ids.join(',') } : {}
     const response = await apiClient.get('/api/admin/usage/active', { params })
     return response.data
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * 获取活跃度热力图数据（管理员）
+   * 后端已缓存5分钟
+   */
+  async getActivityHeatmap(): Promise<ActivityHeatmap> {
+    const response = await apiClient.get<ActivityHeatmap>('/api/admin/usage/heatmap')
+    return response.data
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/usage/components/ActivityHeatmapCard.vue b/frontend/src/features/usage/components/ActivityHeatmapCard.vue
index 7cf99c7..afcc35e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/usage/components/ActivityHeatmapCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/features/usage/components/ActivityHeatmapCard.vue
@@ -18,8 +18,22 @@
         <span class="flex-shrink-0">多</span>
       </div>
     </div>
+    <div
+      v-if="isLoading"
+      class="h-full min-h-[160px] flex items-center justify-center text-sm text-muted-foreground"
+    >
+      <Loader2 class="h-5 w-5 animate-spin mr-2" />
+      加载中...
+    </div>
+    <div
+      v-else-if="hasError"
+      class="h-full min-h-[160px] flex items-center justify-center text-sm text-destructive"
+    >
+      <AlertCircle class="h-4 w-4 mr-1.5" />
+      加载失败
+    </div>
     <ActivityHeatmap
-      v-if="hasData"
+      v-else-if="hasData"
       :data="data"
       :show-header="false"
     />
@@ -34,6 +48,7 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { Loader2, AlertCircle } from 'lucide-vue-next'
 import Card from '@/components/ui/card.vue'
 import ActivityHeatmap from '@/components/stats/ActivityHeatmap.vue'
 import type { ActivityHeatmap as ActivityHeatmapData } from '@/types/activity'
@@ -41,6 +56,8 @@ import type { ActivityHeatmap as ActivityHeatmapData } from '@/types/activity'
 const props = defineProps<{
   data: ActivityHeatmapData | null
   title: string
+  isLoading?: boolean
+  hasError?: boolean
 }>()
 
 const legendLevels = [0.08, 0.25, 0.45, 0.65, 0.85]
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/usage/composables/useUsageData.ts b/frontend/src/features/usage/composables/useUsageData.ts
index d3b648d..201d2a6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/usage/composables/useUsageData.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/usage/composables/useUsageData.ts
@@ -64,9 +64,6 @@ export function useUsageData(options: UseUsageDataOptions) {
     }))
   })
 
-  // 活跃度热图数据
-  const activityHeatmapData = computed(() => stats.value.activity_heatmap)
-
   // 加载统计数据（不加载记录）
   async function loadStats(dateRange?: DateRangeParams) {
     isLoadingStats.value = true
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ export function useUsageData(options: UseUsageDataOptions) {
           cache_stats: (statsData as any).cache_stats,
           period_start: '',
           period_end: '',
-          activity_heatmap: statsData.activity_heatmap || null
+          activity_heatmap: null
         }
 
         modelStats.value = modelData.map(item => ({
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ export function useUsageData(options: UseUsageDataOptions) {
           avg_response_time: userData.avg_response_time || 0,
           period_start: '',
           period_end: '',
-          activity_heatmap: userData.activity_heatmap || null
+          activity_heatmap: null
         }
 
         modelStats.value = (userData.summary_by_model || []).map((item: any) => ({
@@ -305,7 +302,6 @@ export function useUsageData(options: UseUsageDataOptions) {
 
     // 计算属性
     enhancedModelStats,
-    activityHeatmapData,
 
     // 方法
     loadStats,
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/usage/types.ts b/frontend/src/features/usage/types.ts
index 3561e42..d9de879 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/usage/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/usage/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import type { ActivityHeatmap } from '@/types/activity'
-
 // 统计数据状态
 export interface UsageStatsState {
   total_requests: number
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@ export interface UsageStatsState {
   }
   period_start: string
   period_end: string
-  activity_heatmap: ActivityHeatmap | null
 }
 
 // 模型统计
@@ -115,7 +112,6 @@ export function createDefaultStats(): UsageStatsState {
     error_rate: undefined,
     cache_stats: undefined,
     period_start: '',
-    period_end: '',
-    activity_heatmap: null
+    period_end: ''
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/shared/Usage.vue b/frontend/src/views/shared/Usage.vue
index c212d34..4469c77 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/shared/Usage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/shared/Usage.vue
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
       <ActivityHeatmapCard
         :data="activityHeatmapData"
         :title="isAdminPage ? '总体活跃天数' : '我的活跃天数'"
+        :is-loading="isLoadingHeatmap"
+        :has-error="heatmapError"
       />
       <IntervalTimelineCard
         :title="isAdminPage ? '请求间隔时间线' : '我的请求间隔'"
@@ -112,8 +114,11 @@ import {
 import type { PeriodValue, FilterStatusValue } from '@/features/usage/types'
 import type { UserOption } from '@/features/usage/components/UsageRecordsTable.vue'
 import { log } from '@/utils/logger'
+import type { ActivityHeatmap } from '@/types/activity'
+import { useToast } from '@/composables/useToast'
 
 const route = useRoute()
+const { warning } = useToast()
 const authStore = useAuthStore()
 
 // 判断是否是管理员页面
@@ -144,13 +149,35 @@ const {
   currentRecords,
   totalRecords,
   enhancedModelStats,
-  activityHeatmapData,
   availableModels,
   availableProviders,
   loadStats,
   loadRecords
 } = useUsageData({ isAdminPage })
 
+// 热力图状态
+const activityHeatmapData = ref<ActivityHeatmap | null>(null)
+const isLoadingHeatmap = ref(false)
+const heatmapError = ref(false)
+
+// 加载热力图数据
+async function loadHeatmapData() {
+  isLoadingHeatmap.value = true
+  heatmapError.value = false
+  try {
+    if (isAdminPage.value) {
+      activityHeatmapData.value = await usageApi.getActivityHeatmap()
+    } else {
+      activityHeatmapData.value = await meApi.getActivityHeatmap()
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    log.error('加载热力图数据失败:', error)
+    heatmapError.value = true
+  } finally {
+    isLoadingHeatmap.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 // 用户页面需要前端筛选
 const filteredRecords = computed(() => {
   if (!isAdminPage.value) {
@@ -335,7 +362,22 @@ const selectedRequestId = ref<string | null>(null)
 // 初始化加载
 onMounted(async () => {
   const dateRange = getDateRangeFromPeriod(selectedPeriod.value)
-  await loadStats(dateRange)
+
+  // 并行加载统计数据和热力图（使用 allSettled 避免其中一个失败影响另一个）
+  const [statsResult, heatmapResult] = await Promise.allSettled([
+    loadStats(dateRange),
+    loadHeatmapData()
+  ])
+
+  // 检查加载结果并通知用户
+  if (statsResult.status === 'rejected') {
+    log.error('加载统计数据失败:', statsResult.reason)
+    warning('统计数据加载失败，请刷新重试')
+  }
+  if (heatmapResult.status === 'rejected') {
+    log.error('加载热力图数据失败:', heatmapResult.reason)
+    // 热力图加载失败不提示，因为 UI 已显示占位符
+  }
 
   // 管理员页面加载用户列表和第一页记录
   if (isAdminPage.value) {
diff --git a/src/api/admin/usage/routes.py b/src/api/admin/usage/routes.py
index 7830d4e..3fed57f 100644
--- a/src/api/admin/usage/routes.py
+++ b/src/api/admin/usage/routes.py
@@ -73,6 +73,20 @@ async def get_usage_stats(
     return await pipeline.run(adapter=adapter, http_request=request, db=db, mode=adapter.mode)
 
 
+@router.get("/heatmap")
+async def get_activity_heatmap(
+    request: Request,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    """
+    Get activity heatmap data for the past 365 days.
+
+    This endpoint is cached for 5 minutes to reduce database load.
+    """
+    adapter = AdminActivityHeatmapAdapter()
+    return await pipeline.run(adapter=adapter, http_request=request, db=db, mode=adapter.mode)
+
+
 @router.get("/records")
 async def get_usage_records(
     request: Request,
@@ -168,12 +182,6 @@ class AdminUsageStatsAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
             (Usage.status_code >= 400) | (Usage.error_message.isnot(None))
         ).count()
 
-        activity_heatmap = UsageService.get_daily_activity(
-            db=db,
-            window_days=365,
-            include_actual_cost=True,
-        )
-
         context.add_audit_metadata(
             action="usage_stats",
             start_date=self.start_date.isoformat() if self.start_date else None,
@@ -204,10 +212,22 @@ class AdminUsageStatsAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
                 ),
                 "cache_read_cost": float(cache_stats.cache_read_cost or 0) if cache_stats else 0,
             },
-            "activity_heatmap": activity_heatmap,
         }
 
 
+class AdminActivityHeatmapAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
+    """Activity heatmap adapter with Redis caching."""
+
+    async def handle(self, context):  # type: ignore[override]
+        result = await UsageService.get_cached_heatmap(
+            db=context.db,
+            user_id=None,
+            include_actual_cost=True,
+        )
+        context.add_audit_metadata(action="activity_heatmap")
+        return result
+
+
 class AdminUsageByModelAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
     def __init__(self, start_date: Optional[datetime], end_date: Optional[datetime], limit: int):
         self.start_date = start_date
diff --git a/src/api/admin/users/routes.py b/src/api/admin/users/routes.py
index 9fcc59b..ca7ae97 100644
--- a/src/api/admin/users/routes.py
+++ b/src/api/admin/users/routes.py
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ class AdminUpdateUserAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
             raise InvalidRequestException("请求数据验证失败")
 
         update_data = request.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
+        old_role = existing_user.role
         if "role" in update_data and update_data["role"]:
             if hasattr(update_data["role"], "value"):
                 update_data["role"] = update_data["role"]
@@ -258,6 +259,12 @@ class AdminUpdateUserAdapter(AdminApiAdapter):
         if not user:
             raise NotFoundException("用户不存在", "user")
 
+        # 角色变更时清除热力图缓存（影响 include_actual_cost 权限）
+        if "role" in update_data and update_data["role"] != old_role:
+            from src.services.usage.service import UsageService
+
+            await UsageService.clear_user_heatmap_cache(self.user_id)
+
         changed_fields = list(update_data.keys())
         context.add_audit_metadata(
             action="update_user",
diff --git a/src/api/user_me/routes.py b/src/api/user_me/routes.py
index cce2fc0..0e996d7 100644
--- a/src/api/user_me/routes.py
+++ b/src/api/user_me/routes.py
@@ -135,6 +135,20 @@ async def get_my_interval_timeline(
     return await pipeline.run(adapter=adapter, http_request=request, db=db, mode=adapter.mode)
 
 
+@router.get("/usage/heatmap")
+async def get_my_activity_heatmap(
+    request: Request,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    """
+    Get user's activity heatmap data for the past 365 days.
+
+    This endpoint is cached for 5 minutes to reduce database load.
+    """
+    adapter = GetMyActivityHeatmapAdapter()
+    return await pipeline.run(adapter=adapter, http_request=request, db=db, mode=adapter.mode)
+
+
 @router.get("/providers")
 async def list_available_providers(request: Request, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     adapter = ListAvailableProvidersAdapter()
@@ -650,13 +664,6 @@ class GetUsageAdapter(AuthenticatedApiAdapter):
             ],
         }
 
-        response_data["activity_heatmap"] = UsageService.get_daily_activity(
-            db=db,
-            user_id=user.id,
-            window_days=365,
-            include_actual_cost=user.role == "admin",
-        )
-
         # 管理员可以看到真实成本
         if user.role == "admin":
             response_data["total_actual_cost"] = total_actual_cost
@@ -723,6 +730,20 @@ class GetMyIntervalTimelineAdapter(AuthenticatedApiAdapter):
         return result
 
 
+class GetMyActivityHeatmapAdapter(AuthenticatedApiAdapter):
+    """Activity heatmap adapter with Redis caching for user."""
+
+    async def handle(self, context):  # type: ignore[override]
+        user = context.user
+        result = await UsageService.get_cached_heatmap(
+            db=context.db,
+            user_id=user.id,
+            include_actual_cost=user.role == "admin",
+        )
+        context.add_audit_metadata(action="activity_heatmap")
+        return result
+
+
 class ListAvailableProvidersAdapter(AuthenticatedApiAdapter):
     async def handle(self, context):  # type: ignore[override]
         from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
diff --git a/src/config/constants.py b/src/config/constants.py
index d9977ab..7d96949 100644
--- a/src/config/constants.py
+++ b/src/config/constants.py
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ class CacheTTL:
     # L1 本地缓存（用于减少 Redis 访问）
     L1_LOCAL = 3  # 3秒
 
+    # 活跃度热力图缓存 - 历史数据变化不频繁
+    ACTIVITY_HEATMAP = 300  # 5分钟
+
     # 并发锁 TTL - 防止死锁
     CONCURRENCY_LOCK = 600  # 10分钟
 
diff --git a/src/database/database.py b/src/database/database.py
index b5b93e4..ed97647 100644
--- a/src/database/database.py
+++ b/src/database/database.py
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ def init_db():
         print("  3. 数据库用户名和密码是否正确", file=sys.stderr)
         print("", file=sys.stderr)
         print("如果使用 Docker，请先运行:", file=sys.stderr)
-        print("  docker compose up -d postgres redis", file=sys.stderr)
+        print("  docker compose -f docker-compose.build.yml up -d postgres redis", file=sys.stderr)
         print("", file=sys.stderr)
         print("=" * 60, file=sys.stderr)
         # 使用 os._exit 直接退出，避免 uvicorn 捕获并打印堆栈
diff --git a/src/services/usage/service.py b/src/services/usage/service.py
index d9cc59c..d2e9ac9 100644
--- a/src/services/usage/service.py
+++ b/src/services/usage/service.py
@@ -86,6 +86,118 @@ class UsageRecordParams:
 class UsageService:
     """用量统计服务"""
 
+    # ==================== 缓存键常量 ====================
+
+    # 热力图缓存键前缀（依赖 TTL 自动过期，用户角色变更时主动清除）
+    HEATMAP_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX = "activity_heatmap"
+
+    # ==================== 热力图缓存 ====================
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_heatmap_cache_key(cls, user_id: Optional[str], include_actual_cost: bool) -> str:
+        """生成热力图缓存键"""
+        cost_suffix = "with_cost" if include_actual_cost else "no_cost"
+        if user_id:
+            return f"{cls.HEATMAP_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX}:user:{user_id}:{cost_suffix}"
+        else:
+            return f"{cls.HEATMAP_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX}:admin:all:{cost_suffix}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def clear_user_heatmap_cache(cls, user_id: str) -> None:
+        """
+        清除用户的热力图缓存（用户角色变更时调用）
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: 用户ID
+        """
+        from src.clients.redis_client import get_redis_client
+
+        redis_client = await get_redis_client(require_redis=False)
+        if not redis_client:
+            return
+
+        # 清除该用户的所有热力图缓存（with_cost 和 no_cost）
+        keys_to_delete = [
+            cls._get_heatmap_cache_key(user_id, include_actual_cost=True),
+            cls._get_heatmap_cache_key(user_id, include_actual_cost=False),
+        ]
+
+        for key in keys_to_delete:
+            try:
+                await redis_client.delete(key)
+                logger.debug(f"已清除热力图缓存: {key}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"清除热力图缓存失败: {key}, error={e}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_cached_heatmap(
+        cls,
+        db: Session,
+        user_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        include_actual_cost: bool = False,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        获取带缓存的热力图数据
+
+        缓存策略：
+        - TTL: 5分钟（CacheTTL.ACTIVITY_HEATMAP）
+        - 仅依赖 TTL 自动过期，新使用记录最多延迟 5 分钟出现
+        - 用户角色变更时通过 clear_user_heatmap_cache() 主动清除
+
+        Args:
+            db: 数据库会话
+            user_id: 用户ID，None 表示获取全局热力图（管理员）
+            include_actual_cost: 是否包含实际成本
+
+        Returns:
+            热力图数据字典
+        """
+        from src.clients.redis_client import get_redis_client
+        from src.config.constants import CacheTTL
+        import json
+
+        cache_key = cls._get_heatmap_cache_key(user_id, include_actual_cost)
+
+        cache_ttl = CacheTTL.ACTIVITY_HEATMAP
+        redis_client = await get_redis_client(require_redis=False)
+
+        # 尝试从缓存获取
+        if redis_client:
+            try:
+                cached = await redis_client.get(cache_key)
+                if cached:
+                    try:
+                        return json.loads(cached)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+                    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+                        logger.warning(f"热力图缓存解析失败，删除损坏缓存: {cache_key}, error={e}")
+                        try:
+                            await redis_client.delete(cache_key)
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"读取热力图缓存出错: {cache_key}, error={e}")
+
+        # 从数据库查询
+        result = cls.get_daily_activity(
+            db=db,
+            user_id=user_id,
+            window_days=365,
+            include_actual_cost=include_actual_cost,
+        )
+
+        # 保存到缓存（失败不影响返回结果）
+        if redis_client:
+            try:
+                await redis_client.setex(
+                    cache_key,
+                    cache_ttl,
+                    json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, default=str),
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"保存热力图缓存失败: {cache_key}, error={e}")
+
+        return result
+
     # ==================== 内部数据类 ====================
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/src/utils/cache_decorator.py b/src/utils/cache_decorator.py
index 64efdf2..4d9cdef 100644
--- a/src/utils/cache_decorator.py
+++ b/src/utils/cache_decorator.py
@@ -49,8 +49,16 @@ def cache_result(key_prefix: str, ttl: int = 60, user_specific: bool = True) ->
                 # 尝试从缓存获取
                 cached = await redis_client.get(cache_key)
                 if cached:
-                    logger.debug(f"缓存命中: {cache_key}")
-                    return json.loads(cached)
+                    try:
+                        result = json.loads(cached)
+                        logger.debug(f"缓存命中: {cache_key}")
+                        return result
+                    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+                        logger.warning(f"缓存解析失败，删除损坏缓存: {cache_key}, 错误: {e}")
+                        try:
+                            await redis_client.delete(cache_key)
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
 
                 # 执行原函数
                 result = await func(*args, **kwargs)