diff --git a/crates/aether-routing-core/src/policy.rs b/crates/aether-routing-core/src/policy.rs
index 0cdda40e2..3e5da3b6f 100644
--- a/crates/aether-routing-core/src/policy.rs
+++ b/crates/aether-routing-core/src/policy.rs
@@ -278,8 +278,7 @@ mod tests {
     use serde_json::json;
 
     use crate::actions::{
-        RoutingJsonPatchOperation, RoutingRulePhase, RoutingSchedulingMode,
-        RoutingSetPriorityMode,
+        RoutingJsonPatchOperation, RoutingRulePhase, RoutingSchedulingMode, RoutingSetPriorityMode,
     };
     use crate::conditions::{RoutingCondition, RoutingConditionOp};
     use crate::model::{RoutingDefaultPolicy, RoutingRule};
@@ -367,10 +366,7 @@ mod tests {
             model_policies: vec![RoutingModelPolicy {
                 model: "special-model".to_string(),
                 allowed_providers: vec!["provider-special".to_string()],
-                provider_priority_overrides: BTreeMap::from([(
-                    "provider-special".to_string(),
-                    0,
-                )]),
+                provider_priority_overrides: BTreeMap::from([("provider-special".to_string(), 0)]),
                 ..RoutingModelPolicy::default()
             }],
             rules: vec![],
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/routing/__tests__/routingPolicy.spec.ts b/frontend/src/features/routing/__tests__/routingPolicy.spec.ts
index 2c04df7ba..b476ab790 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/routing/__tests__/routingPolicy.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/routing/__tests__/routingPolicy.spec.ts
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe('routingPolicy', () => {
       allowed_models: ['legacy-model'],
     })
 
-    expect(parseAllowedModelsInput(' gpt-5, claude-*\nlegacy-model, gpt-5 ')).toEqual([
+    expect(parseAllowedModelsInput(' gpt-5\nclaude-*\nlegacy-model\ngpt-5 ')).toEqual([
       'gpt-5',
       'claude-*',
       'legacy-model',
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ describe('routingPolicy', () => {
 
     const restricted = updateAllowedModelsFromInput(
       config,
-      'gpt-5, claude-*\nlegacy-model, gpt-5',
+      'gpt-5\nclaude-*\nlegacy-model\ngpt-5',
     )
     expect(restricted.allowed_models).toEqual(['gpt-5', 'claude-*', 'legacy-model'])
-    expect(formatAllowedModelsInput(restricted.allowed_models)).toBe('gpt-5, claude-*, legacy-model')
+    expect(formatAllowedModelsInput(restricted.allowed_models)).toBe('gpt-5\nclaude-*\nlegacy-model')
     expect(routingModelScopeLabel(restricted)).toBe('3 个模型')
 
     const unrestricted = clearAllowedModels(restricted)
@@ -118,6 +118,23 @@ describe('routingPolicy', () => {
     expect(routingModelScopeLabel(unrestricted)).toBe('全部模型')
   })
 
+  it('round-trips selectors containing commas and labels wildcard scope as unrestricted', () => {
+    const selectors = ['vendor,model', 'gpt-*']
+    expect(parseAllowedModelsInput(formatAllowedModelsInput(selectors))).toEqual(selectors)
+
+    const wildcard = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig({ allowed_models: ['gpt-*', '*'] })
+    expect(routingModelScopeLabel(wildcard)).toBe('全部模型')
+  })
+
+  it('preserves historical empty selectors until unrestricted scope is explicit', () => {
+    const legacy = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig({ allowed_models: ['', '  '] })
+
+    expect(updateAllowedModelsFromInput(legacy, '  \n')).toMatchObject({
+      allowed_models: ['', '  '],
+    })
+    expect(clearAllowedModels(legacy).allowed_models).toEqual([])
+  })
+
   it('preserves an explicit model allowlist across per-model editing actions', () => {
     const allowlist = ['gpt-*', 'legacy-model']
     let config = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig({
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/routing/utils/routingPolicy.ts b/frontend/src/features/routing/utils/routingPolicy.ts
index 4e31ca6fc..2aad08fb9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/routing/utils/routingPolicy.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/routing/utils/routingPolicy.ts
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export function normalizeRoutingGroupConfig(value: Partial<RoutingGroupConfig> |
 export function parseAllowedModelsInput(value: string): string[] {
   const seen = new Set<string>()
   return value
-    .split(/[,\r\n]+/u)
+    .split(/\r\n?|\n/u)
     .map(item => item.trim())
     .filter(Boolean)
     .filter((model) => {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export function parseAllowedModelsInput(value: string): string[] {
 }
 
 export function formatAllowedModelsInput(models: string[]): string {
-  return models.join(', ')
+  return models.join('\n')
 }
 
 export function updateAllowedModelsFromInput(
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ export function updateAllowedModelsFromInput(
   value: string,
 ): RoutingGroupConfig {
   const next = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig(config)
+  // Preserve the historical "empty selector" form until the user explicitly
+  // chooses the unrestricted scope. It is distinct from an empty allowlist in
+  // the routing core, where it matches no normal model.
+  const hasHistoricalEmptySelector = next.allowed_models.length > 0
+    && next.allowed_models.every(model => model.trim() === '')
+  if (value.trim() === '' && hasHistoricalEmptySelector) {
+    return next
+  }
   next.allowed_models = parseAllowedModelsInput(value)
   return next
 }
@@ -144,8 +152,11 @@ export function clearAllowedModels(config: RoutingGroupConfig): RoutingGroupConf
 }
 
 export function routingModelScopeLabel(config: RoutingGroupConfig): string {
-  const count = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig(config).allowed_models.length
-  return count ? `${count} 个模型` : '全部模型'
+  const models = normalizeRoutingGroupConfig(config).allowed_models
+  if (models.length === 0 || models.some(model => model.trim() === '*')) {
+    return '全部模型'
+  }
+  return `${models.length} 个模型`
 }
 
 export function allowedModelsMirrorPerModelPolicies(config: RoutingGroupConfig): boolean {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/RoutingProfiles.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/RoutingProfiles.vue
index eef10b728..1ffeab168 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/RoutingProfiles.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/RoutingProfiles.vue
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
       <Card
         v-if="draft"
         class="overflow-hidden"
+        :inert="saving"
+        :aria-busy="saving"
       >
         <div class="border-b border-border/60 px-5 py-4">
           <div class="flex flex-col gap-3 lg:flex-row lg:items-start lg:justify-between">
@@ -336,20 +338,21 @@
                   >
                     模型白名单
                   </h3>
-                  <Badge :variant="draft.config_json.allowed_models.length ? 'outline' : 'secondary'">
-                    {{ draft.config_json.allowed_models.length ? `${draft.config_json.allowed_models.length} 项` : '全部模型' }}
+                  <Badge :variant="routingModelScopeLabel(draft.config_json) === '全部模型' ? 'secondary' : 'outline'">
+                    {{ routingModelScopeLabel(draft.config_json) }}
                   </Badge>
                 </div>
                 <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                  控制此策略分组适用于哪些模型；留空表示全部模型。它与“区分模型”中的专属调度覆盖相互独立，支持精确值、* 和前缀通配符（如 gpt-*），多个值用英文逗号或换行分隔。
+                  控制此策略分组适用于哪些模型；留空表示全部模型。它与“区分模型”中的专属调度覆盖相互独立，支持精确值、* 和前缀通配符（如 gpt-*），每行填写一个值。
                 </p>
               </div>
               <Button
-                v-if="draft.config_json.allowed_models.length"
+                v-if="routingModelScopeLabel(draft.config_json) !== '全部模型'"
                 type="button"
                 variant="ghost"
                 size="sm"
                 class="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"
+                :disabled="saving"
                 data-testid="clear-allowed-models"
                 @click="clearAllowedModelScope"
               >
@@ -357,24 +360,15 @@
               </Button>
             </div>
 
-            <div class="flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row">
-              <Input
-                v-model="allowedModelsInput"
-                class="min-w-0 flex-1"
-                data-testid="allowed-models-input"
-                aria-label="模型白名单"
-                placeholder="留空表示全部模型，例如：gpt-5, claude-*, legacy-model"
-              />
-              <Button
-                type="button"
-                variant="outline"
-                class="shrink-0"
-                data-testid="apply-allowed-models"
-                @click="applyAllowedModelScope"
-              >
-                应用范围
-              </Button>
-            </div>
+            <Textarea
+              :model-value="allowedModelsInput"
+              class="min-h-[96px] font-mono"
+              :disabled="saving"
+              data-testid="allowed-models-input"
+              aria-label="模型白名单"
+              placeholder="留空表示全部模型，每行一个模型"
+              @update:model-value="updateAllowedModelScope"
+            />
 
             <div
               v-if="draft.config_json.allowed_models.length"
@@ -736,10 +730,34 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
-import { ChevronDown, ChevronRight, Copy, Key, Layers, Plus, Save, Star, Trash2 } from 'lucide-vue-next'
+import {
+  ChevronDown,
+  ChevronRight,
+  Copy,
+  Key,
+  Layers,
+  Plus,
+  Save,
+  SlidersHorizontal,
+  Star,
+  Trash2,
+} from 'lucide-vue-next'
 
 import { PageContainer } from '@/components/layout'
-import { Badge, Button, Card, Input, Table, TableBody, TableCell, TableHead, TableHeader, TableRow, TableCard } from '@/components/ui'
+import {
+  Badge,
+  Button,
+  Card,
+  Input,
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCard,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+  Textarea,
+} from '@/components/ui'
 import { DropdownMenu, DropdownMenuTrigger, DropdownMenuContent, DropdownMenuItem } from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu'
 import { AlertDialog } from '@/components/common'
 import {
@@ -824,6 +842,7 @@ const loading = ref(false)
 const saving = ref(false)
 const deleting = ref(false)
 const isCreating = ref(false)
+let draftGeneration = 0
 
 const switchModelTarget = ref<string | null>(null)
 const switchModelDialogOpen = ref(false)
@@ -950,6 +969,7 @@ function paramToString(value: unknown): string | null {
 }
 
 function clearDraftState(): void {
+  draftGeneration += 1
   isCreating.value = false
   selectedGroupId.value = null
   draft.value = null
@@ -964,6 +984,7 @@ function clearDraftState(): void {
 
 function selectGroup(group: RoutingGroupRecord): void {
   const normalized = normalizeRecord(group)
+  draftGeneration += 1
   isCreating.value = false
   selectedGroupId.value = normalized.id
   draft.value = buildDraft(normalized)
@@ -979,6 +1000,7 @@ function setDraftEnabled(value: boolean): void {
 }
 
 function startCreate(): void {
+  draftGeneration += 1
   isCreating.value = true
   selectedGroupId.value = null
   draft.value = {
@@ -1309,18 +1331,18 @@ function globalModelLabel(modelName: string): string {
   return `${model.display_name} (${model.name})`
 }
 
-function applyAllowedModelScope(): void {
-  if (!draft.value) return
-  const next = updateAllowedModelsFromInput(draft.value.config_json, allowedModelsInput.value)
+function updateAllowedModelScope(value: string): void {
+  if (!draft.value || saving.value) return
+  allowedModelsInput.value = value
+  const next = updateAllowedModelsFromInput(draft.value.config_json, value)
   updateDraftConfig(next)
   if (editingConfig.value) {
-    editingConfig.value = updateAllowedModelsFromInput(editingConfig.value, allowedModelsInput.value)
+    editingConfig.value = updateAllowedModelsFromInput(editingConfig.value, value)
   }
-  allowedModelsInput.value = formatAllowedModelsInput(next.allowed_models)
 }
 
 function clearAllowedModelScope(): void {
-  if (!draft.value) return
+  if (!draft.value || saving.value) return
   const next = clearAllowedModels(draft.value.config_json)
   updateDraftConfig(next)
   if (editingConfig.value) {
@@ -1329,7 +1351,7 @@ function clearAllowedModelScope(): void {
   allowedModelsInput.value = ''
 }
 
-function replaceGroup(group: RoutingGroupRecord): void {
+function replaceGroup(group: RoutingGroupRecord, select = true): void {
   const normalized = normalizeRecord(group)
   const index = groups.value.findIndex(item => item.id === normalized.id)
   if (index >= 0) {
@@ -1337,7 +1359,9 @@ function replaceGroup(group: RoutingGroupRecord): void {
   } else {
     groups.value.unshift(normalized)
   }
-  selectGroup(normalized)
+  if (select) {
+    selectGroup(normalized)
+  }
 }
 
 async function fetchGroups(): Promise<void> {
@@ -1373,7 +1397,7 @@ async function loadGlobalModels(options: { cacheTtlMs?: number } = {}): Promise<
 }
 
 async function saveDraft(): Promise<void> {
-  if (!draft.value) return
+  if (!draft.value || saving.value) return
   const name = draft.value.name.trim()
   if (!name) {
     showError('策略名称不能为空')
@@ -1385,6 +1409,10 @@ async function saveDraft(): Promise<void> {
     return
   }
 
+  const targetGroupId = draft.value.id ?? null
+  const submittedGeneration = draftGeneration
+  const submittedSnapshot = draftSnapshotValue(draft.value)
+  const wasCreating = isCreating.value || !draft.value.id
   saving.value = true
   try {
     const payload = {
@@ -1394,13 +1422,28 @@ async function saveDraft(): Promise<void> {
       is_system_default: draft.value.is_system_default,
       config_json: config,
     }
-    const wasCreating = isCreating.value || !draft.value.id
     const saved = wasCreating
       ? await createRoutingGroup(payload)
       : await updateRoutingGroup(draft.value.id, payload)
-    isCreating.value = false
-    replaceGroup(saved)
-    if (wasCreating) {
+
+    const sameDraftGeneration = draftGeneration === submittedGeneration
+    const stillEditingSubmittedDraft = wasCreating
+      ? sameDraftGeneration
+        && isCreateRoute.value
+        && isCreating.value
+        && draft.value != null
+        && draftSnapshotValue(draft.value) === submittedSnapshot
+      : routeGroupId.value === targetGroupId
+        && draft.value?.id === targetGroupId
+        && (sameDraftGeneration
+          ? draftSnapshotValue(draft.value) === submittedSnapshot
+          : !draftDirty.value)
+
+    if (stillEditingSubmittedDraft) {
+      isCreating.value = false
+    }
+    replaceGroup(saved, stillEditingSubmittedDraft)
+    if (wasCreating && stillEditingSubmittedDraft) {
       await router.replace({ name: 'RoutingProfileDetail', params: { groupId: saved.id } })
     }
     success('调度策略已保存')
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/__tests__/RoutingProfiles.allowed-models.spec.ts b/frontend/src/views/admin/__tests__/RoutingProfiles.allowed-models.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65974b8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/__tests__/RoutingProfiles.allowed-models.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { createApp, defineComponent, h, nextTick, type App } from 'vue'
+
+import RoutingProfiles from '../RoutingProfiles.vue'
+import type {
+  RoutingGroupCreateRequest,
+  RoutingGroupRecord,
+  RoutingGroupUpdateRequest,
+} from '@/api/routing-profiles'
+
+const apiMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  listRoutingGroups: vi.fn(),
+  createRoutingGroup: vi.fn(),
+  updateRoutingGroup: vi.fn(),
+  deleteRoutingGroup: vi.fn(),
+  getGlobalModels: vi.fn(),
+}))
+const routeMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  route: null as null | { name: string; params: Record<string, string> },
+  push: vi.fn(),
+  replace: vi.fn(),
+}))
+const toastMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({ success: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() }))
+
+vi.mock('vue-router', async () => {
+  const { reactive } = await import('vue')
+  routeMocks.route = reactive({
+    name: 'RoutingProfileDetail',
+    params: { groupId: 'group-1' },
+  })
+  return {
+    useRoute: () => routeMocks.route,
+    useRouter: () => ({ push: routeMocks.push, replace: routeMocks.replace }),
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@/api/routing-profiles', () => ({
+  listRoutingGroups: apiMocks.listRoutingGroups,
+  createRoutingGroup: apiMocks.createRoutingGroup,
+  updateRoutingGroup: apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup,
+  deleteRoutingGroup: apiMocks.deleteRoutingGroup,
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@/api/global-models', () => ({ getGlobalModels: apiMocks.getGlobalModels }))
+vi.mock('@/composables/useToast', () => ({ useToast: () => toastMocks }))
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({ log: { error: vi.fn() } }))
+
+vi.mock('@/components/layout', async () => {
+  const { defineComponent, h } = await import('vue')
+  return {
+    PageContainer: defineComponent({
+      setup(_, { slots }) {
+        return () => h('main', slots.default?.())
+      },
+    }),
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@/components/ui', async () => {
+  const { defineComponent, h } = await import('vue')
+
+  const wrapper = (tag = 'div') => defineComponent({
+    inheritAttrs: false,
+    props: { class: String },
+    setup(props, { attrs, slots }) {
+      return () => h(tag, { ...attrs, class: props.class }, [
+        slots.header?.(),
+        slots.default?.(),
+      ])
+    },
+  })
+
+  const Input = defineComponent({
+    inheritAttrs: false,
+    props: {
+      modelValue: { type: [String, Number], default: '' },
+      class: String,
+      disabled: Boolean,
+    },
+    emits: ['update:modelValue'],
+    setup(props, { attrs, emit }) {
+      return () => h('input', {
+        ...attrs,
+        class: props.class,
+        disabled: props.disabled,
+        value: props.modelValue,
+        onInput: (event: Event) => emit(
+          'update:modelValue',
+          (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+        ),
+      })
+    },
+  })
+
+  const Textarea = defineComponent({
+    inheritAttrs: false,
+    props: {
+      modelValue: { type: String, default: '' },
+      class: String,
+      disabled: Boolean,
+    },
+    emits: ['update:modelValue'],
+    setup(props, { attrs, emit }) {
+      return () => h('textarea', {
+        ...attrs,
+        class: props.class,
+        disabled: props.disabled,
+        value: props.modelValue,
+        onInput: (event: Event) => emit(
+          'update:modelValue',
+          (event.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value,
+        ),
+      })
+    },
+  })
+
+  const Button = defineComponent({
+    inheritAttrs: false,
+    props: {
+      class: String,
+      disabled: Boolean,
+      type: { type: String, default: 'button' },
+    },
+    setup(props, { attrs, slots }) {
+      return () => h('button', {
+        ...attrs,
+        class: props.class,
+        disabled: props.disabled,
+        type: props.type,
+      }, slots.default?.())
+    },
+  })
+
+  return {
+    Badge: wrapper(),
+    Button,
+    Card: wrapper('section'),
+    Input,
+    Table: wrapper('table'),
+    TableBody: wrapper('tbody'),
+    TableCard: wrapper(),
+    TableCell: wrapper('td'),
+    TableHead: wrapper('th'),
+    TableHeader: wrapper('thead'),
+    TableRow: wrapper('tr'),
+    Textarea,
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@/components/ui/dropdown-menu', async () => {
+  const { defineComponent, h } = await import('vue')
+  const wrapper = defineComponent({
+    setup(_, { slots }) {
+      return () => h('div', slots.default?.())
+    },
+  })
+  return {
+    DropdownMenu: wrapper,
+    DropdownMenuContent: wrapper,
+    DropdownMenuItem: wrapper,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger: wrapper,
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@/components/common', async () => {
+  const { defineComponent, h } = await import('vue')
+  return { AlertDialog: defineComponent({ setup: () => () => h('div') }) }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@/features/routing/components', async () => {
+  const { defineComponent, h } = await import('vue')
+  return {
+    RoutingPriorityPolicyEditor: defineComponent({
+      setup: () => () => h('div', { 'data-testid': 'routing-policy-editor' }),
+    }),
+  }
+})
+
+let app: App | undefined
+let root: HTMLElement | undefined
+
+function routingGroup(
+  allowedModels: string[] = [],
+  overrides: Partial<RoutingGroupRecord> = {},
+): RoutingGroupRecord {
+  return {
+    id: 'group-1',
+    name: 'Default routing',
+    description: null,
+    enabled: true,
+    is_system_default: true,
+    config_json: {
+      allowed_models: allowedModels,
+      default_policy: {
+        priority_mode: 'provider',
+        scheduling_mode: 'cache_affinity',
+        keep_priority_on_conversion: false,
+      },
+      model_policies: [],
+      rules: [],
+    },
+    version: 1,
+    created_at: 1,
+    updated_at: 1,
+    published_at: null,
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
+
+async function flushPromises(iterations = 5): Promise<void> {
+  for (let index = 0; index < iterations; index += 1) {
+    await Promise.resolve()
+  }
+  await nextTick()
+}
+
+async function mountPage(
+  input: RoutingGroupRecord | RoutingGroupRecord[] = routingGroup(),
+): Promise<void> {
+  const groups = Array.isArray(input) ? input : [input]
+  apiMocks.listRoutingGroups.mockResolvedValue({ items: groups, total: groups.length })
+  apiMocks.getGlobalModels.mockResolvedValue({ models: [] })
+  apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup.mockImplementation(
+    async (groupId: string, payload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest) => {
+      const group = groups.find(item => item.id === groupId)
+      if (!group) throw new Error(`unknown routing group: ${groupId}`)
+      return {
+        ...group,
+        ...payload,
+        config_json: payload.config_json ?? group.config_json,
+        updated_at: 2,
+      }
+    },
+  )
+
+  root = document.createElement('div')
+  document.body.appendChild(root)
+  app = createApp(defineComponent({
+    setup: () => () => h(RoutingProfiles),
+  }))
+  app.mount(root)
+  await flushPromises()
+}
+
+function setTextareaValue(textarea: HTMLTextAreaElement, value: string): void {
+  textarea.value = value
+  textarea.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }))
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks()
+  if (!routeMocks.route) throw new Error('route mock was not initialized')
+  routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfileDetail'
+  routeMocks.route.params = { groupId: 'group-1' }
+})
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  app?.unmount()
+  root?.remove()
+  app = undefined
+  root = undefined
+})
+
+describe('RoutingProfiles model allowlist', () => {
+  it('saves one selector per line without an extra apply step', async () => {
+    await mountPage()
+
+    const textarea = root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement
+    expect(textarea).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLTextAreaElement)
+
+    setTextareaValue(textarea, 'gpt-5\nclaude-*\nvendor,model')
+    await nextTick()
+
+    const saveButton = root?.querySelector(
+      'button[aria-label="保存"]',
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement
+    expect(saveButton.disabled).toBe(false)
+    saveButton.click()
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'group-1',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        config_json: expect.objectContaining({
+          allowed_models: ['gpt-5', 'claude-*', 'vendor,model'],
+        }),
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('locks the editor while a save is in flight', async () => {
+    const group = routingGroup(['model-a'])
+    let resolveUpdate: ((value: RoutingGroupRecord) => void) | undefined
+    let submittedPayload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest | undefined
+
+    await mountPage(group)
+    apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup.mockImplementationOnce(
+      async (_groupId: string, payload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest) => {
+        submittedPayload = payload
+        return await new Promise<RoutingGroupRecord>((resolve) => {
+          resolveUpdate = resolve
+        })
+      },
+    )
+
+    const textarea = root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement
+    setTextareaValue(textarea, 'model-a\nmodel-b')
+    await nextTick()
+
+    const saveButton = root?.querySelector(
+      'button[aria-label="保存"]',
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement
+    saveButton.click()
+    await nextTick()
+
+    const editor = root?.querySelector('[aria-busy="true"]') as HTMLElement
+    const clearButton = root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="clear-allowed-models"]',
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement
+    expect(editor.hasAttribute('inert')).toBe(true)
+    expect(textarea.disabled).toBe(true)
+    expect(clearButton.disabled).toBe(true)
+    expect(saveButton.disabled).toBe(true)
+
+    setTextareaValue(textarea, 'model-c')
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(submittedPayload?.config_json?.allowed_models).toEqual(['model-a', 'model-b'])
+
+    if (!resolveUpdate || !submittedPayload) throw new Error('save request did not start')
+    resolveUpdate({
+      ...group,
+      ...submittedPayload,
+      config_json: submittedPayload.config_json ?? group.config_json,
+      updated_at: 2,
+    })
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(root?.querySelector('[aria-busy="true"]')).toBeNull()
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toBe('model-a\nmodel-b')
+    expect(apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps another group selected when an earlier save response arrives', async () => {
+    const firstGroup = routingGroup(['model-a'], {
+      id: 'group-1',
+      name: 'First routing',
+    })
+    const secondGroup = routingGroup(['model-b'], {
+      id: 'group-2',
+      name: 'Second routing',
+      is_system_default: false,
+    })
+    let resolveUpdate: ((value: RoutingGroupRecord) => void) | undefined
+    let submittedPayload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest | undefined
+
+    await mountPage([firstGroup, secondGroup])
+    apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup.mockImplementationOnce(
+      async (_groupId: string, payload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest) => {
+        submittedPayload = payload
+        return await new Promise<RoutingGroupRecord>((resolve) => {
+          resolveUpdate = resolve
+        })
+      },
+    )
+
+    const textarea = root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement
+    setTextareaValue(textarea, 'model-a\nmodel-a-new')
+    await nextTick()
+    ;(root?.querySelector('button[aria-label="保存"]') as HTMLButtonElement).click()
+    await nextTick()
+
+    if (!routeMocks.route) throw new Error('route mock was not initialized')
+    routeMocks.route.params = { groupId: 'group-2' }
+    await nextTick()
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toBe('model-b')
+
+    if (!resolveUpdate || !submittedPayload) throw new Error('save request did not start')
+    resolveUpdate({
+      ...firstGroup,
+      ...submittedPayload,
+      config_json: submittedPayload.config_json ?? firstGroup.config_json,
+      updated_at: 2,
+    })
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(root?.querySelector('h2')?.textContent).toContain('Second routing')
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toBe('model-b')
+    expect(routeMocks.replace).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('refreshes a clean draft when returning to the saved group before the response arrives', async () => {
+    const group = routingGroup(['model-a'])
+    let resolveUpdate: ((value: RoutingGroupRecord) => void) | undefined
+    let submittedPayload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest | undefined
+
+    await mountPage(group)
+    apiMocks.updateRoutingGroup.mockImplementationOnce(
+      async (_groupId: string, payload: RoutingGroupUpdateRequest) => {
+        submittedPayload = payload
+        return await new Promise<RoutingGroupRecord>((resolve) => {
+          resolveUpdate = resolve
+        })
+      },
+    )
+
+    const textarea = root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement
+    setTextareaValue(textarea, 'model-a\nmodel-b')
+    await nextTick()
+    ;(root?.querySelector('button[aria-label="保存"]') as HTMLButtonElement).click()
+    await nextTick()
+
+    if (!routeMocks.route) throw new Error('route mock was not initialized')
+    routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfiles'
+    routeMocks.route.params = {}
+    await nextTick()
+    routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfileDetail'
+    routeMocks.route.params = { groupId: 'group-1' }
+    await nextTick()
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toBe('model-a')
+
+    if (!resolveUpdate || !submittedPayload) throw new Error('save request did not start')
+    resolveUpdate({
+      ...group,
+      ...submittedPayload,
+      config_json: submittedPayload.config_json ?? group.config_json,
+      updated_at: 2,
+    })
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      '[data-testid="allowed-models-input"]',
+    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toBe('model-a\nmodel-b')
+    expect((root?.querySelector(
+      'button[aria-label="保存"]',
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement).disabled).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('does not attach an old create response to a recreated draft', async () => {
+    if (!routeMocks.route) throw new Error('route mock was not initialized')
+    routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfileCreate'
+    routeMocks.route.params = {}
+
+    let resolveCreate: ((value: RoutingGroupRecord) => void) | undefined
+    let submittedPayload: RoutingGroupCreateRequest | undefined
+    await mountPage([])
+    apiMocks.createRoutingGroup.mockImplementationOnce(
+      async (payload: RoutingGroupCreateRequest) => {
+        submittedPayload = payload
+        return await new Promise<RoutingGroupRecord>((resolve) => {
+          resolveCreate = resolve
+        })
+      },
+    )
+
+    ;(root?.querySelector('button[aria-label="保存"]') as HTMLButtonElement).click()
+    await nextTick()
+
+    routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfiles'
+    await nextTick()
+    routeMocks.route.name = 'RoutingProfileCreate'
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(root?.querySelector('h2')?.textContent).toContain('新建调度策略')
+
+    if (!resolveCreate || !submittedPayload) throw new Error('create request did not start')
+    const config = submittedPayload.config_json
+    resolveCreate({
+      ...routingGroup(config?.allowed_models ?? [], {
+        id: 'created-group',
+        name: submittedPayload.name,
+        description: submittedPayload.description,
+        enabled: submittedPayload.enabled ?? false,
+        is_system_default: submittedPayload.is_system_default ?? false,
+      }),
+      config_json: config ?? routingGroup().config_json,
+    })
+    await flushPromises()
+
+    expect(root?.querySelector('h2')?.textContent).toContain('新建调度策略')
+    expect(routeMocks.replace).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(apiMocks.createRoutingGroup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+})