Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/pr-480'

frontend/src/api/endpoints/types/model.ts

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export interface Model {
   global_model_display_name?: string
   // 有效配置（合并 Model 和 GlobalModel 的 config）
   effective_config?: Record<string, unknown> | null
+  model_test_capabilities?: ModelTestCapabilities | null
 }
 
 export interface ModelCreate {
@@ -102,6 +103,17 @@ export interface ModelCapabilities {
   [key: string]: boolean
 }
 
+export interface OpenAiImageModelTestCapability {
+  max_generation_count?: number | null
+  supports_generation?: boolean | null
+  supports_edit?: boolean | null
+}
+
+export interface ModelTestCapabilities {
+  'openai:image'?: OpenAiImageModelTestCapability | null
+  [apiFormat: string]: OpenAiImageModelTestCapability | Record<string, unknown> | null | undefined
+}
+
 export interface ProviderModelPriceInfo {
   input_price_per_1m?: number | null
   output_price_per_1m?: number | null
@@ -248,6 +260,7 @@ export interface UpstreamModel {
   owned_by?: string
   display_name?: string
   api_formats: string[]  // 该模型支持的所有 API 格式（后端保证返回数组）
+  model_test_capabilities?: ModelTestCapabilities | null
 }
 
 /**

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/ModelMappingTab.vue

@@ -374,6 +374,7 @@ import {
   isModelTestableEndpoint,
   parseModelTestRequestHeadersDraft,
   parseModelTestRequestBodyDraft,
+  selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint,
   syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft,
 } from './model-test-request'
 
@@ -428,6 +429,7 @@ const deletingGroup = ref<AliasGroup | null>(null)
 const testingMapping = ref<string | null>(null)
 const pendingMappingKey = ref<string | null>(null)
 const testingModelName = ref<string | null>(null)
+const testingSourceModel = ref<Model | null>(null)
 const preselectedModelId = ref<string | null>(null)
 const selectedTestEndpoint = ref<ProviderEndpoint | null>(null)
 const testRequestHeadersDraft = ref('')
@@ -715,6 +717,7 @@ function handleTestDialogClose() {
   modelTest.resetState()
   pendingMappingKey.value = null
   testingModelName.value = null
+  testingSourceModel.value = null
   testingMapping.value = null
   selectedTestEndpoint.value = null
   mappingTestEndpoints.value = null
@@ -737,8 +740,25 @@ function handleSelectTestEndpoint(endpointId: string) {
   syncMappingTestRequestBody()
 }
 
+function findMappingTestModel(modelName: string): Model | null {
+  const normalized = modelName.trim()
+  if (!normalized) return null
+
+  return models.value.find(model => (
+    model.provider_model_name === normalized
+    || model.global_model_name === normalized
+    || model.global_model_display_name === normalized
+    || (model.provider_model_mappings ?? []).some(alias => alias.name === normalized)
+  )) ?? null
+}
+
 // 测试映射（直连测试，带故障转移和实时进度）
-function runMappingTest(testingKey: string, modelName: string, endpointsOverride?: ProviderEndpoint[]) {
+function runMappingTest(
+  testingKey: string,
+  modelName: string,
+  endpointsOverride?: ProviderEndpoint[],
+  sourceModel?: Model | null,
+) {
   const endpoints = endpointsOverride ?? activeEndpoints.value
   if (endpoints.length === 0) {
     showError('暂无可用于测试的活跃端点')
@@ -749,8 +769,12 @@ function runMappingTest(testingKey: string, modelName: string, endpointsOverride
   modelTest.dialogOpen.value = true
   testingMapping.value = null
   testingModelName.value = modelName
+  testingSourceModel.value = sourceModel ?? findMappingTestModel(modelName)
   mappingTestEndpoints.value = endpointsOverride ?? null
-  selectedTestEndpoint.value = endpoints[0] ?? null
+  selectedTestEndpoint.value = selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint(
+    testingSourceModel.value,
+    endpoints,
+  )
   testRequestHeadersResetValue.value = buildDefaultModelTestRequestHeaders()
   testRequestHeadersDraft.value = testRequestHeadersResetValue.value
   resetMappingTestRequestBody()
@@ -762,6 +786,7 @@ function resetMappingTestRequestBody() {
   testRequestBodyResetValue.value = buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
     testingModelName.value,
     selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format,
+    testingSourceModel.value,
   )
   testRequestBodyDraft.value = testRequestBodyResetValue.value
 }
@@ -772,6 +797,7 @@ function syncMappingTestRequestBody() {
   const nextResetValue = buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
     testingModelName.value,
     selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format,
+    testingSourceModel.value,
   )
   const next = syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft(
     testRequestBodyDraft.value,
@@ -839,7 +865,7 @@ function scopedMappingEndpoints(item: CombinedMapping): ProviderEndpoint[] {
 
 // 测试精确映射
 function testMapping(item: CombinedMapping, mapping: MappingItem) {
-  runMappingTest(`${item.key}-${mapping.name}`, mapping.name, scopedMappingEndpoints(item))
+  runMappingTest(`${item.key}-${mapping.name}`, mapping.name, scopedMappingEndpoints(item), item.group?.model)
 }
 
 // 测试正则映射

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/ModelTestDialog.vue

@@ -444,7 +444,27 @@
               {{ attempt.key_name || maskKey(attempt.key_id) }}
             </div>
             <div
-              v-if="attemptDetail(attempt) !== '-'"
+              v-if="attemptImagePreviews(attempt).length > 0"
+              class="mt-2 flex flex-wrap gap-2"
+            >
+              <button
+                v-for="(preview, imageIndex) in attemptImagePreviews(attempt).slice(0, 3)"
+                :key="`${preview.src}-${imageIndex}`"
+                type="button"
+                class="h-16 w-16 overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-border/60 bg-muted/30 transition-colors hover:border-primary/60"
+                :title="preview.label"
+                @click.stop="openImagePreview(preview)"
+              >
+                <img
+                  :src="preview.src"
+                  :alt="preview.label"
+                  class="h-full w-full object-contain"
+                  loading="lazy"
+                >
+              </button>
+            </div>
+            <div
+              v-else-if="attemptDetail(attempt) !== '-'"
               class="mt-1 break-all text-muted-foreground"
             >
               {{ attemptDetail(attempt) }}
@@ -519,6 +539,33 @@
               </td>
               <td class="px-3 py-2 text-muted-foreground">
                 <div
+                  v-if="attemptImagePreviews(attempt).length > 0"
+                  class="flex flex-wrap gap-2"
+                >
+                  <button
+                    v-for="(preview, imageIndex) in attemptImagePreviews(attempt).slice(0, 4)"
+                    :key="`${preview.src}-${imageIndex}`"
+                    type="button"
+                    class="h-14 w-14 overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-border/60 bg-muted/30 transition-colors hover:border-primary/60 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-primary/70"
+                    :title="preview.label"
+                    @click.stop="openImagePreview(preview)"
+                  >
+                    <img
+                      :src="preview.src"
+                      :alt="preview.label"
+                      class="h-full w-full object-contain"
+                      loading="lazy"
+                    >
+                  </button>
+                  <span
+                    v-if="attemptImagePreviews(attempt).length > 4"
+                    class="flex h-14 items-center rounded-md border border-border/60 px-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground"
+                  >
+                    +{{ attemptImagePreviews(attempt).length - 4 }}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+                <div
+                  v-else
                   class="line-clamp-2 break-all"
                   :title="attemptDetail(attempt)"
                 >
@@ -641,6 +688,36 @@
                   </TabsContent>
 
                   <TabsContent value="response-body">
+                    <div
+                      v-if="selectedInspectionImagePreviews.length > 0"
+                      class="mb-3 rounded-md border border-border/60 bg-muted/20 p-3"
+                    >
+                      <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between gap-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        <span>图片预览</span>
+                        <span>{{ selectedInspectionImagePreviews.length }} 张</span>
+                      </div>
+                      <div class="grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-3">
+                        <button
+                          v-for="(preview, index) in selectedInspectionImagePreviews"
+                          :key="`${preview.src}-${index}`"
+                          type="button"
+                          class="group block overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-border/60 bg-background text-left transition-colors hover:border-primary/60 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-primary/70"
+                          @click="openImagePreview(preview)"
+                        >
+                          <div class="aspect-square w-full overflow-hidden bg-muted/30">
+                            <img
+                              :src="preview.src"
+                              :alt="preview.label"
+                              class="h-full w-full object-contain"
+                              loading="lazy"
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                          <div class="border-t border-border/60 px-2 py-1 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                            {{ preview.label }}
+                          </div>
+                        </button>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
                     <JsonContent
                       :data="selectedInspectionAttempt.response_body"
                       view-mode="formatted"
@@ -673,6 +750,39 @@
       </Button>
     </template>
   </Dialog>
+
+  <Dialog
+    :open="Boolean(activeImagePreview)"
+    size="6xl"
+    :z-index="120"
+    @update:open="(val: boolean) => { if (!val) activeImagePreview = null }"
+  >
+    <template #header>
+      <div class="border-b border-border px-6 py-4">
+        <div class="text-lg font-semibold text-foreground leading-tight">
+          {{ activeImagePreview?.label || '图片预览' }}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </template>
+
+    <div class="flex max-h-[76vh] items-center justify-center overflow-auto rounded-md bg-muted/20 p-3">
+      <img
+        v-if="activeImagePreview"
+        :src="activeImagePreview.src"
+        :alt="activeImagePreview.label"
+        class="max-h-[72vh] max-w-full rounded-md object-contain"
+      >
+    </div>
+
+    <template #footer>
+      <Button
+        variant="outline"
+        @click="activeImagePreview = null"
+      >
+        关闭
+      </Button>
+    </template>
+  </Dialog>
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
@@ -698,7 +808,12 @@ import type { CandidateRecord, RequestTrace } from '@/api/requestTrace'
 import JsonContent from '@/features/usage/components/RequestDetailDrawer/JsonContent.vue'
 import { useClipboard } from '@/composables/useClipboard'
 import { useDarkMode } from '@/composables/useDarkMode'
-import { extractModelTestResponsePreview, formatModelTestDiagnostic } from './model-test-request'
+import {
+  extractModelTestImagePreviews,
+  extractModelTestResponsePreview,
+  formatModelTestDiagnostic,
+} from './model-test-request'
+import type { ModelTestImagePreview } from './model-test-request'
 
 type TestEndpointOption = {
   id: string
@@ -816,6 +931,7 @@ const inspectionTab = ref<'request-headers' | 'request-body' | 'response-headers
 const selectedInspectionKey = ref<string | null>(null)
 const inspectionExpandDepth = ref(0)
 const inspectionCopiedStates = ref<Record<string, boolean>>({})
+const activeImagePreview = ref<ModelTestImagePreview | null>(null)
 
 watch(() => props.result, () => {
   showAllAttempts.value = false
@@ -1129,6 +1245,12 @@ const selectedInspectionAttempt = computed(() => {
   return inspectableAttempts.value[0] ?? resultAttempts.value[0] ?? null
 })
 
+const selectedInspectionImagePreviews = computed(() => (
+  selectedInspectionAttempt.value
+    ? extractModelTestImagePreviews(selectedInspectionAttempt.value.response_body)
+    : []
+))
+
 const resultWinningTitle = computed(() => {
   const summary = resultSummary.value
   const keyName = summary.winning_key_name || summary.winning_key_id
@@ -1238,6 +1360,7 @@ function formatAuthType(authType: string): string {
   if (lowered === 'codex') return 'Codex OAuth'
   if (lowered === 'antigravity') return 'Antigravity OAuth'
   if (lowered === 'kiro') return 'Kiro OAuth'
+  if (lowered === 'grok') return 'Grok OAuth'
   return authType
 }
 
@@ -1295,6 +1418,14 @@ function attemptDetail(attempt: TestAttemptDetail): string {
   return '-'
 }
 
+function attemptImagePreviews(attempt: TestAttemptDetail): ModelTestImagePreview[] {
+  return extractModelTestImagePreviews(attempt.response_body)
+}
+
+function openImagePreview(preview: ModelTestImagePreview) {
+  activeImagePreview.value = preview
+}
+
 function inspectionKey(attempt: TestAttemptDetail): string {
   return `${attempt.candidate_index}:${attempt.retry_index ?? 0}:${attempt.key_id}`
 }

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/ModelsTab.vue

@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ import {
   normalizeModelTestMappedModelSelection,
   parseModelTestRequestHeadersDraft,
   parseModelTestRequestBodyDraft,
+  selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint,
   syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft,
 } from './model-test-request'
 
@@ -586,7 +587,7 @@ async function testModelConnection(model: Model) {
   }
 
   pendingTestModel.value = model
-  selectedTestEndpoint.value = activeEndpoints.value[0] ?? null
+  selectedTestEndpoint.value = selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint(model, activeEndpoints.value)
   const requestedModelName = getModelTestRequestedModelName(model)
   selectedTestMappedModelName.value = null
   testRequestHeadersResetValue.value = buildDefaultModelTestRequestHeaders()
@@ -594,6 +595,7 @@ async function testModelConnection(model: Model) {
   testRequestBodyResetValue.value = buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
     requestedModelName,
     selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format,
+    model,
   )
   testRequestBodyDraft.value = testRequestBodyResetValue.value
   modelTest.testResult.value = null
@@ -619,7 +621,11 @@ function syncTestRequestBodyModel() {
   if (!modelName) return
 
   const resetDraft = testRequestBodyResetValue.value
-    || buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(modelName, selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format)
+    || buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
+      modelName,
+      selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format,
+      pendingTestModel.value,
+    )
   const next = syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft(
     testRequestBodyDraft.value,
     testRequestBodyResetValue.value,
@@ -637,6 +643,7 @@ function resetTestRequestBodyForSelectedEndpoint() {
   const nextResetValue = buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
     modelName,
     selectedTestEndpoint.value?.api_format,
+    pendingTestModel.value,
   )
   const next = syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft(
     testRequestBodyDraft.value,

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/__tests__/model-test-request.spec.ts

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody,
   buildExactModelMappingTestRequest,
+  extractModelTestImagePreviews,
   extractModelTestResponsePreview,
   formatModelTestDiagnostic,
+  getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount,
   isModelTestableEndpoint,
   isModelTestableApiFormat,
   listModelTestMappedModelOptions,
   normalizeModelTestMappedModelSelection,
+  selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint,
   setModelTestRequestBodyModel,
   syncModelTestRequestBodyDraft,
 } from '../model-test-request'
@@ -55,6 +58,41 @@ describe('buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody', () => {
     expect(body.input).toBeUndefined()
   })
 
+  it('uses prompt payloads for openai image api formats', () => {
+    const body = JSON.parse(buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody('gpt-image-2', 'openai:image'))
+
+    expect(body).toEqual({
+      model: 'gpt-image-2',
+      prompt: 'Hello! This is a test message.',
+      n: 1,
+      size: '1024x1024',
+      stream: true,
+    })
+    expect(body.messages).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('uses image generation tools for image models on OpenAI Responses endpoints', () => {
+    const body = JSON.parse(buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
+      'gpt-image-2',
+      'openai:responses',
+      {
+        effective_supports_image_generation: true,
+      },
+    ))
+
+    expect(body.model).toBe('gpt-image-2')
+    expect(body.input).toBe('Hello! This is a test message.')
+    expect(body.tools).toEqual([
+      {
+        type: 'image_generation',
+        size: '1024x1024',
+        output_format: 'png',
+      },
+    ])
+    expect(body.tool_choice).toEqual({ type: 'image_generation' })
+    expect(body.messages).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
   it('lists endpoint-scoped provider model mappings in test selection order', () => {
     const options = listModelTestMappedModelOptions({
       provider_model_name: 'claude-opus-4-6',
@@ -204,6 +242,7 @@ describe('isModelTestableApiFormat', () => {
     'openai:responses',
     'claude:messages',
     'gemini:generate_content',
+    'openai:image',
     'openai:embedding',
     'jina:rerank',
   ])('allows synchronous model-test endpoint formats: %s', (apiFormat) => {
@@ -211,6 +250,75 @@ describe('isModelTestableApiFormat', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe('selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint', () => {
+  it('prefers openai image endpoints for image generation models', () => {
+    const chatEndpoint = { id: 'chat', api_format: 'openai:chat', is_active: true }
+    const imageEndpoint = { id: 'image', api_format: 'openai:image', is_active: true }
+
+    expect(selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint({
+      effective_supports_image_generation: true,
+    }, [chatEndpoint, imageEndpoint])).toBe(imageEndpoint)
+  })
+
+  it('prefers openai image endpoints from model-test capability metadata', () => {
+    const chatEndpoint = { id: 'chat', api_format: 'openai:chat', is_active: true }
+    const imageEndpoint = { id: 'image', api_format: 'openai:image', is_active: true }
+
+    expect(selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint({
+      effective_supports_image_generation: false,
+      model_test_capabilities: {
+        'openai:image': {
+          supports_generation: true,
+          max_generation_count: 4,
+        },
+      },
+    }, [chatEndpoint, imageEndpoint])).toBe(imageEndpoint)
+  })
+
+  it('does not treat edit-only image capability as generation support', () => {
+    const chatEndpoint = { id: 'chat', api_format: 'openai:chat', is_active: true }
+    const imageEndpoint = { id: 'image', api_format: 'openai:image', is_active: true }
+
+    expect(selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint({
+      effective_supports_image_generation: true,
+      model_test_capabilities: {
+        'openai:image': {
+          supports_generation: false,
+          supports_edit: true,
+          max_generation_count: 4,
+        },
+      },
+    }, [chatEndpoint, imageEndpoint])).toBe(chatEndpoint)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps the existing endpoint order for non-image models', () => {
+    const chatEndpoint = { id: 'chat', api_format: 'openai:chat', is_active: true }
+    const imageEndpoint = { id: 'image', api_format: 'openai:image', is_active: true }
+
+    expect(selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint({
+      effective_supports_image_generation: false,
+    }, [chatEndpoint, imageEndpoint])).toBe(chatEndpoint)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount', () => {
+  it('reads image generation count from backend capability metadata', () => {
+    expect(getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount({
+      model_test_capabilities: {
+        'openai:image': {
+          max_generation_count: 4,
+        },
+      },
+    })).toBe(4)
+  })
+
+  it('returns null when backend capability metadata is absent', () => {
+    expect(getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount({
+      effective_supports_image_generation: true,
+    })).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
+
 describe('isModelTestableEndpoint', () => {
   it('requires at least one active key compatible with the endpoint format', () => {
     const keys = [
@@ -341,6 +449,95 @@ describe('extractModelTestResponsePreview', () => {
     })).toBe('Rerank 结果：2 条')
   })
 
+  it('extracts image URLs from OpenAI image responses', () => {
+    expect(extractModelTestResponsePreview({
+      data: [
+        {
+          url: 'https://example.com/generated.png',
+          revised_prompt: 'A generated image',
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toBe('图片：https://example.com/generated.png')
+  })
+
+  it('summarizes base64 image responses without dumping the image payload', () => {
+    expect(extractModelTestResponsePreview({
+      data: [
+        {
+          b64_json: 'aGVsbG8=',
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toBe('图片：base64')
+  })
+
+  it('extracts renderable base64 image previews from OpenAI image responses', () => {
+    expect(extractModelTestImagePreviews({
+      data: [
+        {
+          b64_json: 'aGVsbG8=',
+          mime_type: 'image/jpeg',
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toEqual([
+      {
+        src: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,aGVsbG8=',
+        label: '图片 1',
+        source: 'base64',
+      },
+    ])
+  })
+
+  it('extracts image previews from nested response image urls', () => {
+    expect(extractModelTestImagePreviews({
+      output: [
+        {
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'output_image',
+              image_url: {
+                url: 'https://example.com/generated.png',
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toEqual([
+      {
+        src: 'https://example.com/generated.png',
+        label: '图片 1',
+        source: 'url',
+      },
+    ])
+  })
+
+  it('extracts image previews from OpenAI Responses image_generation_call results', () => {
+    expect(extractModelTestResponsePreview({
+      output: [
+        {
+          type: 'image_generation_call',
+          output_format: 'png',
+          result: 'aGVsbG8=',
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toBe('图片：base64')
+
+    expect(extractModelTestImagePreviews({
+      output: [
+        {
+          type: 'image_generation_call',
+          output_format: 'png',
+          result: 'aGVsbG8=',
+        },
+      ],
+    })).toEqual([
+      {
+        src: 'data:image/png;base64,aGVsbG8=',
+        label: '图片 1',
+        source: 'base64',
+      },
+    ])
+  })
+
   it('falls back to response model when no text payload exists', () => {
     expect(extractModelTestResponsePreview({
       model: 'glm-4.5-air',

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/model-test-capabilities.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { normalizeApiFormatAlias } from '@/api/endpoints/types/api-format'
+import type { ModelTestCapabilities, OpenAiImageModelTestCapability } from '@/api/endpoints/types'
+
+export type ModelTestEndpointSource = {
+  api_format: string
+  is_active?: boolean | null
+}
+
+export type ModelTestImageSource = {
+  effective_supports_image_generation?: boolean | null
+  supports_image_generation?: boolean | null
+  model_test_capabilities?: ModelTestCapabilities | null
+}
+
+export type ModelTestKeySource = {
+  api_formats?: string[] | null
+  is_active?: boolean | null
+}
+
+const MODEL_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_API_FORMATS = new Set([
+  'openai:video',
+  'gemini:video',
+  'gemini:files',
+])
+
+const MODEL_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  pool_account_blocked: '账号已失效，需重新授权',
+}
+
+export function normalizeModelTestStringList(values: string[] | null | undefined): string[] {
+  return (values ?? [])
+    .map(value => value.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+}
+
+export function isModelTestableApiFormat(apiFormat: string | null | undefined): boolean {
+  const normalized = normalizeApiFormatAlias(apiFormat ?? '')
+  return Boolean(normalized) && !MODEL_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_API_FORMATS.has(normalized)
+}
+
+export function modelTestKeySupportsEndpoint(
+  key: ModelTestKeySource,
+  endpoint: ModelTestEndpointSource,
+): boolean {
+  if (key.is_active === false) return false
+
+  const endpointFormat = normalizeApiFormatAlias(endpoint.api_format)
+  if (!isModelTestableApiFormat(endpointFormat)) return false
+
+  const keyFormats = normalizeModelTestStringList(key.api_formats)
+  if (keyFormats.length === 0) return true
+
+  return keyFormats.some(format => normalizeApiFormatAlias(format) === endpointFormat)
+}
+
+export function isModelTestableEndpoint(
+  endpoint: ModelTestEndpointSource,
+  keys: ModelTestKeySource[],
+): boolean {
+  return endpoint.is_active !== false
+    && isModelTestableApiFormat(endpoint.api_format)
+    && keys.some(key => modelTestKeySupportsEndpoint(key, endpoint))
+}
+
+export function selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint<T extends ModelTestEndpointSource>(
+  model: ModelTestImageSource | null | undefined,
+  endpoints: T[],
+): T | null {
+  if (modelSupportsImageGeneration(model)) {
+    const imageEndpoint = endpoints.find(
+      endpoint => normalizeApiFormatAlias(endpoint.api_format) === 'openai:image',
+    )
+    if (imageEndpoint) return imageEndpoint
+  }
+
+  return endpoints[0] ?? null
+}
+
+export function getOpenAiImageModelTestCapability(
+  model: ModelTestImageSource | null | undefined,
+): OpenAiImageModelTestCapability | null {
+  const capability = model?.model_test_capabilities?.['openai:image']
+  return capability && typeof capability === 'object'
+    ? capability as OpenAiImageModelTestCapability
+    : null
+}
+
+export function getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount(
+  model: ModelTestImageSource | null | undefined,
+): number | null {
+  const maxGenerationCount = getOpenAiImageModelTestCapability(model)?.max_generation_count
+  return typeof maxGenerationCount === 'number' && Number.isFinite(maxGenerationCount)
+    ? Math.max(1, Math.floor(maxGenerationCount))
+    : null
+}
+
+export function formatModelTestDiagnostic(value: string | null | undefined): string {
+  const normalized = value?.trim()
+  if (!normalized) return ''
+  return MODEL_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_LABELS[normalized] ?? normalized
+}
+
+export function modelSupportsImageGeneration(model: ModelTestImageSource | null | undefined): boolean {
+  const imageCapability = getOpenAiImageModelTestCapability(model)
+  if (imageCapability) {
+    return imageCapability.supports_generation !== false
+  }
+  return Boolean(
+    model?.effective_supports_image_generation ?? model?.supports_image_generation,
+  )
+}

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/model-test-preview.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+const MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH = 160
+const MODEL_TEST_IMAGE_PREVIEW_MAX_ITEMS = 6
+
+type JsonRecord = Record<string, unknown>
+
+export type ModelTestImagePreview = {
+  src: string
+  label: string
+  source: 'base64' | 'url'
+}
+
+export function extractModelTestResponsePreview(responseBody: unknown): string | null {
+  const text = extractResponseText(responseBody)
+  if (text) return text
+
+  const reasoning = extractResponseReasoning(responseBody)
+  if (reasoning) return `推理：${reasoning}`
+
+  const image = extractImagePreview(responseBody)
+  if (image) return image
+
+  const summary = extractResponseSummary(responseBody)
+  if (summary) return summary
+
+  return null
+}
+
+export function extractModelTestImagePreviews(responseBody: unknown): ModelTestImagePreview[] {
+  const previews: ModelTestImagePreview[] = []
+  collectImagePreviews(responseBody, previews, new Set(), 0)
+  return previews
+}
+
+function isJsonRecord(value: unknown): value is JsonRecord {
+  return Boolean(value) && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)
+}
+
+function compactPreviewText(value: unknown): string | null {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null
+
+  const normalized = value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim()
+  if (!normalized) return null
+
+  if (normalized.length <= MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH) {
+    return normalized
+  }
+  return `${normalized.slice(0, MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH - 3)}...`
+}
+
+function joinPreviewParts(parts: string[]): string | null {
+  return compactPreviewText(parts.filter(Boolean).join(' '))
+}
+
+function extractTextFromContentParts(value: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4) return null
+
+  const directText = compactPreviewText(value)
+  if (directText) return directText
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  const parts = value.flatMap((part) => {
+    if (typeof part === 'string') return [part]
+    if (!isJsonRecord(part)) return []
+
+    const text = compactPreviewText(part.text)
+      ?? compactPreviewText(part.content)
+      ?? extractTextFromContentParts(part.parts, depth + 1)
+    return text ? [text] : []
+  })
+
+  return joinPreviewParts(parts)
+}
+
+function extractResponseText(responseBody: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4 || !isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
+
+  const wrappedText = extractResponseText(responseBody.response, depth + 1)
+    ?? extractResponseText(responseBody.body, depth + 1)
+  if (wrappedText) return wrappedText
+
+  const outputText = compactPreviewText(responseBody.output_text)
+  if (outputText) return outputText
+
+  const topLevelContentText = extractTextFromContentParts(responseBody.content, depth + 1)
+  if (topLevelContentText) return topLevelContentText
+
+  const choicesText = extractChoicesText(responseBody.choices, depth + 1)
+  if (choicesText) return choicesText
+
+  const outputTextParts = extractOutputText(responseBody.output, depth + 1)
+  if (outputTextParts) return outputTextParts
+
+  const candidateText = extractGeminiCandidateText(responseBody.candidates, depth + 1)
+  if (candidateText) return candidateText
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractImagePreview(responseBody: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4 || !isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
+
+  const wrappedPreview = extractImagePreview(responseBody.response, depth + 1)
+    ?? extractImagePreview(responseBody.body, depth + 1)
+  if (wrappedPreview) return wrappedPreview
+
+  const dataPreview = extractImagePreviewFromCollection(responseBody.data, depth + 1)
+  if (dataPreview) return dataPreview
+
+  const outputPreview = extractImagePreviewFromCollection(responseBody.output, depth + 1)
+  if (outputPreview) return outputPreview
+
+  const imagesPreview = extractImagePreviewFromCollection(responseBody.images, depth + 1)
+  if (imagesPreview) return imagesPreview
+
+  const contentPreview = extractImagePreviewFromContentParts(responseBody.content, depth + 1)
+  if (contentPreview) return contentPreview
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function collectImagePreviews(
+  value: unknown,
+  previews: ModelTestImagePreview[],
+  seen: Set<string>,
+  depth: number,
+) {
+  if (depth > 5 || previews.length >= MODEL_TEST_IMAGE_PREVIEW_MAX_ITEMS || value == null) return
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    for (const item of value) {
+      collectImagePreviews(item, previews, seen, depth + 1)
+      if (previews.length >= MODEL_TEST_IMAGE_PREVIEW_MAX_ITEMS) return
+    }
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (!isJsonRecord(value)) return
+
+  collectImagePreviewFromRecord(value, previews, seen, depth)
+
+  const nestedValues = [
+    value.response,
+    value.body,
+    value.data,
+    value.output,
+    value.images,
+    value.content,
+  ]
+  for (const nested of nestedValues) {
+    collectImagePreviews(nested, previews, seen, depth + 1)
+    if (previews.length >= MODEL_TEST_IMAGE_PREVIEW_MAX_ITEMS) return
+  }
+}
+
+function collectImagePreviewFromRecord(
+  value: JsonRecord,
+  previews: ModelTestImagePreview[],
+  seen: Set<string>,
+  depth: number,
+) {
+  const mime = imageMimeFromRecord(value)
+
+  const imageUrl = value.image_url
+  if (typeof imageUrl === 'string') {
+    pushImagePreview(previews, seen, imageUrlToPreview(imageUrl, 'url'))
+  } else if (isJsonRecord(imageUrl)) {
+    pushImagePreview(previews, seen, imageUrlToPreview(imageUrl.url, 'url'))
+    pushImagePreview(previews, seen, base64ImageToPreview(imageUrl.b64_json, imageMimeFromRecord(imageUrl)))
+  }
+
+  pushImagePreview(previews, seen, imageUrlToPreview(value.url, 'url'))
+  pushImagePreview(previews, seen, base64ImageToPreview(value.b64_json, mime))
+  pushImagePreview(previews, seen, base64ImageToPreview(value.data, mime))
+  if (value.type === 'image_generation_call') {
+    pushImagePreview(previews, seen, base64ImageToPreview(value.result, mime))
+  }
+
+  if (depth <= 4) {
+    collectImagePreviews(value.source, previews, seen, depth + 1)
+  }
+}
+
+function pushImagePreview(
+  previews: ModelTestImagePreview[],
+  seen: Set<string>,
+  preview: ModelTestImagePreview | null,
+) {
+  if (!preview || seen.has(preview.src) || previews.length >= MODEL_TEST_IMAGE_PREVIEW_MAX_ITEMS) {
+    return
+  }
+  seen.add(preview.src)
+  previews.push({
+    ...preview,
+    label: `图片 ${previews.length + 1}`,
+  })
+}
+
+function imageUrlToPreview(value: unknown, source: 'url'): ModelTestImagePreview | null {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null
+  const url = value.trim()
+  if (!url) return null
+  if (url.startsWith('data:image/')) {
+    return { src: url, label: 'base64', source: 'base64' }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = new URL(url)
+    if (parsed.protocol !== 'http:' && parsed.protocol !== 'https:') return null
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return { src: url, label: 'URL', source }
+}
+
+function base64ImageToPreview(value: unknown, mime: string): ModelTestImagePreview | null {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+  if (!trimmed) return null
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('data:image/')) {
+    return { src: trimmed, label: 'base64', source: 'base64' }
+  }
+
+  const normalized = trimmed.replace(/\s+/g, '')
+  if (!normalized) return null
+  return {
+    src: `data:${mime};base64,${normalized}`,
+    label: 'base64',
+    source: 'base64',
+  }
+}
+
+function imageMimeFromRecord(value: JsonRecord): string {
+  const outputFormat = value.output_format
+  if (typeof outputFormat === 'string') {
+    const normalized = outputFormat.trim().toLowerCase()
+    if (/^[a-z0-9.+-]+$/.test(normalized)) return `image/${normalized}`
+  }
+
+  const raw = [
+    value.mime_type,
+    value.mime,
+    value.media_type,
+    value.content_type,
+    value.type,
+  ].find(candidate => typeof candidate === 'string' && candidate.trim().startsWith('image/'))
+
+  if (typeof raw === 'string') {
+    const normalized = raw.trim().toLowerCase()
+    if (/^image\/[a-z0-9.+-]+$/.test(normalized)) return normalized
+  }
+  return 'image/png'
+}
+
+function extractResponseReasoning(responseBody: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4 || !isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
+
+  const wrappedReasoning = extractResponseReasoning(responseBody.response, depth + 1)
+    ?? extractResponseReasoning(responseBody.body, depth + 1)
+  if (wrappedReasoning) return wrappedReasoning
+
+  const directReasoning = compactPreviewText(responseBody.reasoning_content)
+    ?? compactPreviewText(responseBody.thinking)
+  if (directReasoning) return directReasoning
+
+  const topLevelReasoning = extractReasoningFromContentParts(responseBody.content, depth + 1)
+  if (topLevelReasoning) return topLevelReasoning
+
+  const choicesReasoning = extractChoicesReasoning(responseBody.choices, depth + 1)
+  if (choicesReasoning) return choicesReasoning
+
+  const outputReasoning = extractOutputReasoning(responseBody.output, depth + 1)
+  if (outputReasoning) return outputReasoning
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractChoicesText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const choice of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(choice)) continue
+
+    const messageText = isJsonRecord(choice.message)
+      ? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.message.content, depth + 1)
+      : null
+    const deltaText = isJsonRecord(choice.delta)
+      ? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.delta.content, depth + 1)
+      : null
+    const text = messageText ?? deltaText ?? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.text, depth + 1)
+    if (text) return text
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractChoicesReasoning(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const choice of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(choice)) continue
+
+    const messageReasoning = isJsonRecord(choice.message)
+      ? extractReasoningFromMessage(choice.message, depth + 1)
+      : null
+    const deltaReasoning = isJsonRecord(choice.delta)
+      ? extractReasoningFromMessage(choice.delta, depth + 1)
+      : null
+    const reasoning = messageReasoning ?? deltaReasoning
+    if (reasoning) return reasoning
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractReasoningFromMessage(message: JsonRecord, depth: number): string | null {
+  return compactPreviewText(message.reasoning_content)
+    ?? compactPreviewText(message.thinking)
+    ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(message.content, depth + 1)
+}
+
+function extractOutputText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const outputItem of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(outputItem)) continue
+
+    const contentText = extractTextFromContentParts(outputItem.content, depth + 1)
+      ?? extractResponseText(outputItem.response, depth + 1)
+    if (contentText) return contentText
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractOutputReasoning(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const outputItem of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(outputItem)) continue
+
+    const reasoning = extractReasoningFromContentParts(outputItem.content, depth + 1)
+      ?? compactPreviewText(outputItem.reasoning_content)
+      ?? compactPreviewText(outputItem.thinking)
+      ?? extractResponseReasoning(outputItem.response, depth + 1)
+    if (reasoning) return reasoning
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractImagePreviewFromCollection(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const item of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(item)) continue
+
+    const preview = extractImagePreviewFromRecord(item, depth + 1)
+    if (preview) return preview
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractImagePreviewFromContentParts(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const part of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(part)) continue
+
+    const preview = extractImagePreviewFromRecord(part, depth + 1)
+    if (preview) return preview
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractImagePreviewFromRecord(value: JsonRecord, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4) return null
+
+  const imageUrl = value.image_url
+  if (typeof imageUrl === 'string' && imageUrl.trim()) {
+    return compactPreviewText(`图片：${imageUrl}`)
+  }
+  if (isJsonRecord(imageUrl)) {
+    const nestedUrl = compactPreviewText(imageUrl.url)
+    if (nestedUrl) return `图片：${nestedUrl}`
+    if (compactPreviewText(imageUrl.b64_json)) {
+      return '图片：base64'
+    }
+  }
+
+  const url = compactPreviewText(value.url)
+  if (url) return `图片：${url}`
+
+  if (compactPreviewText(value.b64_json)) {
+    return '图片：base64'
+  }
+
+  if (value.type === 'image_generation_call' && compactPreviewText(value.result)) {
+    return '图片：base64'
+  }
+
+  return extractImagePreviewFromCollection(value.data, depth + 1)
+    ?? extractImagePreviewFromCollection(value.images, depth + 1)
+    ?? extractImagePreviewFromContentParts(value.content, depth + 1)
+}
+
+function extractGeminiCandidateText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  for (const candidate of value) {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(candidate) || !isJsonRecord(candidate.content)) continue
+
+    const text = extractTextFromContentParts(candidate.content.parts, depth + 1)
+    if (text) return text
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function extractReasoningFromContentParts(value: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
+  if (depth > 4 || !Array.isArray(value)) return null
+
+  const parts = value.flatMap((part) => {
+    if (!isJsonRecord(part)) return []
+
+    const reasoning = compactPreviewText(part.reasoning_content)
+      ?? compactPreviewText(part.thinking)
+      ?? compactPreviewText(part.reasoning)
+      ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(part.content, depth + 1)
+      ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(part.parts, depth + 1)
+    return reasoning ? [reasoning] : []
+  })
+
+  return joinPreviewParts(parts)
+}
+
+function extractResponseSummary(responseBody: unknown): string | null {
+  if (!isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
+
+  if (Array.isArray(responseBody.data)) {
+    const embeddingDimensions = responseBody.data
+      .map(item => isJsonRecord(item) && Array.isArray(item.embedding) ? item.embedding.length : null)
+      .find((size): size is number => typeof size === 'number')
+    if (embeddingDimensions != null) return `Embedding 维度：${embeddingDimensions}`
+    if (responseBody.data.length > 0) return `返回数据：${responseBody.data.length} 条`
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(responseBody.results)) return `Rerank 结果：${responseBody.results.length} 条`
+
+  const model = compactPreviewText(responseBody.model)
+  if (model) return `返回模型：${model}`
+
+  return null
+}

frontend/src/features/providers/components/provider-tabs/model-test-request.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,33 @@
 import { normalizeApiFormatAlias } from '@/api/endpoints/types/api-format'
 import type { ProviderModelMapping } from '@/api/endpoints/types'
 import type { TestModelRequest } from '@/api/endpoints/providers'
+import {
+  modelSupportsImageGeneration,
+  normalizeModelTestStringList,
+  type ModelTestImageSource,
+} from './model-test-capabilities'
+
+export {
+  formatModelTestDiagnostic,
+  getOpenAiImageModelTestCapability,
+  getOpenAiImageModelTestMaxGenerationCount,
+  isModelTestableApiFormat,
+  isModelTestableEndpoint,
+  modelTestKeySupportsEndpoint,
+  selectPreferredModelTestEndpoint,
+} from './model-test-capabilities'
+export type {
+  ModelTestEndpointSource,
+  ModelTestImageSource,
+  ModelTestKeySource,
+} from './model-test-capabilities'
+export {
+  extractModelTestImagePreviews,
+  extractModelTestResponsePreview,
+} from './model-test-preview'
+export type { ModelTestImagePreview } from './model-test-preview'
 
 const DEFAULT_MODEL_TEST_MESSAGE = 'Hello! This is a test message.'
-const MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH = 160
 
 type ModelTestMappingSource = {
   provider_model_name: string
@@ -15,308 +39,20 @@ type ModelTestMappingEndpoint = {
   api_format: string
 }
 
-type ModelTestEndpointSource = {
-  api_format: string
-  is_active?: boolean | null
-}
-
-type ModelTestKeySource = {
-  api_formats?: string[] | null
-  is_active?: boolean | null
-}
-
 export type ModelTestMappedModelOption = {
   name: string
   priority: number
 }
 
-const MODEL_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_API_FORMATS = new Set([
-  'openai:video',
-  'gemini:video',
-  'gemini:files',
-])
-
-const MODEL_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
-  pool_account_blocked: '账号已失效，需重新授权',
-}
-
-type JsonRecord = Record<string, unknown>
-
-export function isModelTestableApiFormat(apiFormat: string | null | undefined): boolean {
-  const normalized = normalizeApiFormatAlias(apiFormat ?? '')
-  return Boolean(normalized) && !MODEL_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_API_FORMATS.has(normalized)
-}
-
-export function modelTestKeySupportsEndpoint(
-  key: ModelTestKeySource,
-  endpoint: ModelTestEndpointSource,
-): boolean {
-  if (key.is_active === false) return false
-
-  const endpointFormat = normalizeApiFormatAlias(endpoint.api_format)
-  if (!isModelTestableApiFormat(endpointFormat)) return false
-
-  const keyFormats = normalizeStringList(key.api_formats ?? undefined)
-  if (keyFormats.length === 0) return true
-
-  return keyFormats.some(format => normalizeApiFormatAlias(format) === endpointFormat)
-}
-
-export function isModelTestableEndpoint(
-  endpoint: ModelTestEndpointSource,
-  keys: ModelTestKeySource[],
-): boolean {
-  return endpoint.is_active !== false
-    && isModelTestableApiFormat(endpoint.api_format)
-    && keys.some(key => modelTestKeySupportsEndpoint(key, endpoint))
-}
-
-export function formatModelTestDiagnostic(value: string | null | undefined): string {
-  const normalized = value?.trim()
-  if (!normalized) return ''
-  return MODEL_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_LABELS[normalized] ?? normalized
-}
-
-export function extractModelTestResponsePreview(responseBody: unknown): string | null {
-  const text = extractResponseText(responseBody)
-  if (text) return text
-
-  const reasoning = extractResponseReasoning(responseBody)
-  if (reasoning) return `推理：${reasoning}`
-
-  const summary = extractResponseSummary(responseBody)
-  if (summary) return summary
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function normalizeStringList(values: string[] | undefined): string[] {
-  return (values ?? [])
-    .map(value => value.trim())
-    .filter(Boolean)
-}
-
-function isJsonRecord(value: unknown): value is JsonRecord {
-  return Boolean(value) && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)
-}
-
-function compactPreviewText(value: unknown): string | null {
-  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null
-
-  const normalized = value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim()
-  if (!normalized) return null
-
-  if (normalized.length <= MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH) {
-    return normalized
-  }
-  return `${normalized.slice(0, MODEL_TEST_RESPONSE_PREVIEW_MAX_LENGTH - 3)}...`
-}
-
-function joinPreviewParts(parts: string[]): string | null {
-  return compactPreviewText(parts.filter(Boolean).join(' '))
-}
-
-function extractTextFromContentParts(value: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
-  if (depth > 4) return null
-
-  const directText = compactPreviewText(value)
-  if (directText) return directText
-
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  const parts = value.flatMap((part) => {
-    if (typeof part === 'string') return [part]
-    if (!isJsonRecord(part)) return []
-
-    const text = compactPreviewText(part.text)
-      ?? compactPreviewText(part.content)
-      ?? extractTextFromContentParts(part.parts, depth + 1)
-    return text ? [text] : []
-  })
-
-  return joinPreviewParts(parts)
-}
-
-function extractResponseText(responseBody: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
-  if (depth > 4 || !isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
-
-  const wrappedText = extractResponseText(responseBody.response, depth + 1)
-    ?? extractResponseText(responseBody.body, depth + 1)
-  if (wrappedText) return wrappedText
-
-  const outputText = compactPreviewText(responseBody.output_text)
-  if (outputText) return outputText
-
-  const topLevelContentText = extractTextFromContentParts(responseBody.content, depth + 1)
-  if (topLevelContentText) return topLevelContentText
-
-  const choicesText = extractChoicesText(responseBody.choices, depth + 1)
-  if (choicesText) return choicesText
-
-  const outputTextParts = extractOutputText(responseBody.output, depth + 1)
-  if (outputTextParts) return outputTextParts
-
-  const candidateText = extractGeminiCandidateText(responseBody.candidates, depth + 1)
-  if (candidateText) return candidateText
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractResponseReasoning(responseBody: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
-  if (depth > 4 || !isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
-
-  const wrappedReasoning = extractResponseReasoning(responseBody.response, depth + 1)
-    ?? extractResponseReasoning(responseBody.body, depth + 1)
-  if (wrappedReasoning) return wrappedReasoning
-
-  const directReasoning = compactPreviewText(responseBody.reasoning_content)
-    ?? compactPreviewText(responseBody.thinking)
-  if (directReasoning) return directReasoning
-
-  const topLevelReasoning = extractReasoningFromContentParts(responseBody.content, depth + 1)
-  if (topLevelReasoning) return topLevelReasoning
-
-  const choicesReasoning = extractChoicesReasoning(responseBody.choices, depth + 1)
-  if (choicesReasoning) return choicesReasoning
-
-  const outputReasoning = extractOutputReasoning(responseBody.output, depth + 1)
-  if (outputReasoning) return outputReasoning
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractChoicesText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  for (const choice of value) {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(choice)) continue
-
-    const messageText = isJsonRecord(choice.message)
-      ? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.message.content, depth + 1)
-      : null
-    const deltaText = isJsonRecord(choice.delta)
-      ? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.delta.content, depth + 1)
-      : null
-    const text = messageText ?? deltaText ?? extractTextFromContentParts(choice.text, depth + 1)
-    if (text) return text
-  }
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractChoicesReasoning(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  for (const choice of value) {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(choice)) continue
-
-    const messageReasoning = isJsonRecord(choice.message)
-      ? extractReasoningFromMessage(choice.message, depth + 1)
-      : null
-    const deltaReasoning = isJsonRecord(choice.delta)
-      ? extractReasoningFromMessage(choice.delta, depth + 1)
-      : null
-    const reasoning = messageReasoning ?? deltaReasoning
-    if (reasoning) return reasoning
-  }
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractReasoningFromMessage(message: JsonRecord, depth: number): string | null {
-  return compactPreviewText(message.reasoning_content)
-    ?? compactPreviewText(message.thinking)
-    ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(message.content, depth + 1)
-}
-
-function extractOutputText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  for (const outputItem of value) {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(outputItem)) continue
-
-    const contentText = extractTextFromContentParts(outputItem.content, depth + 1)
-      ?? extractResponseText(outputItem.response, depth + 1)
-    if (contentText) return contentText
-  }
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractOutputReasoning(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  for (const outputItem of value) {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(outputItem)) continue
-
-    const reasoning = extractReasoningFromContentParts(outputItem.content, depth + 1)
-      ?? compactPreviewText(outputItem.reasoning_content)
-      ?? compactPreviewText(outputItem.thinking)
-      ?? extractResponseReasoning(outputItem.response, depth + 1)
-    if (reasoning) return reasoning
-  }
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractGeminiCandidateText(value: unknown, depth: number): string | null {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  for (const candidate of value) {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(candidate) || !isJsonRecord(candidate.content)) continue
-
-    const text = extractTextFromContentParts(candidate.content.parts, depth + 1)
-    if (text) return text
-  }
-
-  return null
-}
-
-function extractReasoningFromContentParts(value: unknown, depth = 0): string | null {
-  if (depth > 4 || !Array.isArray(value)) return null
-
-  const parts = value.flatMap((part) => {
-    if (!isJsonRecord(part)) return []
-
-    const reasoning = compactPreviewText(part.reasoning_content)
-      ?? compactPreviewText(part.thinking)
-      ?? compactPreviewText(part.reasoning)
-      ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(part.content, depth + 1)
-      ?? extractReasoningFromContentParts(part.parts, depth + 1)
-    return reasoning ? [reasoning] : []
-  })
-
-  return joinPreviewParts(parts)
-}
-
-function extractResponseSummary(responseBody: unknown): string | null {
-  if (!isJsonRecord(responseBody)) return null
-
-  if (Array.isArray(responseBody.data)) {
-    const embeddingDimensions = responseBody.data
-      .map(item => isJsonRecord(item) && Array.isArray(item.embedding) ? item.embedding.length : null)
-      .find((size): size is number => typeof size === 'number')
-    if (embeddingDimensions != null) return `Embedding 维度：${embeddingDimensions}`
-    if (responseBody.data.length > 0) return `返回数据：${responseBody.data.length} 条`
-  }
-
-  if (Array.isArray(responseBody.results)) return `Rerank 结果：${responseBody.results.length} 条`
-
-  const model = compactPreviewText(responseBody.model)
-  if (model) return `返回模型：${model}`
-
-  return null
-}
-
 function mappingApiFormatMatches(mapping: ProviderModelMapping, endpoint: ModelTestMappingEndpoint): boolean {
-  const apiFormats = normalizeStringList(mapping.api_formats)
+  const apiFormats = normalizeModelTestStringList(mapping.api_formats)
   if (apiFormats.length === 0) return true
   const endpointFormat = normalizeApiFormatAlias(endpoint.api_format)
   return apiFormats.some(format => normalizeApiFormatAlias(format) === endpointFormat)
 }
 
 function mappingEndpointMatches(mapping: ProviderModelMapping, endpoint: ModelTestMappingEndpoint): boolean {
-  const endpointIds = normalizeStringList(mapping.endpoint_ids)
+  const endpointIds = normalizeModelTestStringList(mapping.endpoint_ids)
   if (endpointIds.length === 0) return true
   return endpointIds.includes(endpoint.id)
 }
@@ -408,7 +144,11 @@ export function buildExactModelMappingTestRequest(
   }
 }
 
-export function buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(modelName: string, apiFormat?: string | null): string {
+export function buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(
+  modelName: string,
+  apiFormat?: string | null,
+  model?: ModelTestImageSource | null,
+): string {
   if (apiFormat?.trim().toLowerCase().endsWith(':embedding')) {
     return JSON.stringify({
       model: modelName,
@@ -431,6 +171,34 @@ export function buildDefaultModelTestRequestBody(modelName: string, apiFormat?:
     }, null, 2)
   }
 
+  if (normalizeApiFormatAlias(apiFormat ?? '') === 'openai:image') {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      model: modelName,
+      prompt: DEFAULT_MODEL_TEST_MESSAGE,
+      n: 1,
+      size: '1024x1024',
+      stream: true,
+    }, null, 2)
+  }
+
+  if (normalizeApiFormatAlias(apiFormat ?? '') === 'openai:responses' && modelSupportsImageGeneration(model)) {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      model: modelName,
+      input: DEFAULT_MODEL_TEST_MESSAGE,
+      tools: [
+        {
+          type: 'image_generation',
+          size: '1024x1024',
+          output_format: 'png',
+        },
+      ],
+      tool_choice: {
+        type: 'image_generation',
+      },
+      stream: true,
+    }, null, 2)
+  }
+
   return JSON.stringify({
     model: modelName,
     messages: [